In this paper, I tried to investigate the origin of Jingmai through examination of some important hypotheses brought up by modern scholars and introduce new hypothesis. Hypotheses about the origin of Jingmai that have been investigated in this paper are as follows. 1) Hypothesis by Joseph Needham and Kano Yoshimitsu that Jingmai is originated from hydraulic engineering or twelve rivers. 2) Hypothesis by some chinese scholars like Zhou yimou that Jingmai is originated from subjective experience of the Neishi daoist experience. 3) Hypothesis by Yamada Keiji that Jingmai is originated from moxibustion supported by shamanism. 4) Hypothesis by Li jianmin that Jingmai is originated from Daoyinshu one of the body-cultivation techniques. Hypothesis 1) has the problem of the fallacy of circular argument. I can drag the opposite resolution from the same basis used by Kano Yoshimitsu. There is the problem of misreading in the hypothesis 2). The words quoted by Zhou yimou are not related to the twelve Jingmai but Qijingbamai. Yamada Keiji and Li jianmin presuppose that at first Mai was just blood vessel. Then they follow each way as mentioned above. I agree their opinion that at the beginning Mai was just blood vessel. But I think that Mai was affected by the schema of shamanism. Mai as the vessel that not only blood but Qi go through is conceived by the schema of shamanism, I think.
*Meridians ; Qi ; Yin-Yang

OBJECTIVETo analyze and evaluate practical significance of the ebb-flow theory of ying-qi.

METHODSBased on The Yellow Emperior's Internal Classic, the comparisons of the number of channels, collaterals and their bone-length measurement participating in ebb-flow of ying-qi, ying-qi ebb-flow theory with the practically respiratory-pulse ratio, human heart rate and pulse rate, human respiratory times, ying-qi ebb-flow theory with early channel theory, ying-qi ebb-flow theory with degrees of whole day, were tested and verified.

CONCLUSIONPractically, the ying-qi ebb-flow theory conforms few to human body, which possibly is an assumption of the ancients.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Qi

"The arrival of ensures curative effect" reminds us that the key to acupuncture is "the arrival of ". And "arrival of " has the dual meanings of " arriving at the needles" (getting ) and " arriving at the pathogenic locations". " arriving at the needles" is the starting point, the nature and strength of the arrival of is closely related to the efficacy; " arriving at the pathogenic locations" is the end point, so the speed of the is an important part of the final effect. This paper mainly discusses the meaning of the above two aspects and its value in improving the efficacy of acupuncture.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Needles ; Qi

The theory of ascending and descending activities of qi is one basic theory that guides diagnosis and treatment of disease clinically. It has been esteemed by ancient physicians throughout their academic thinking and clinical diagnosis. As a kind of unbalanced disease in the whole body, the basic internal mechanism of tumor formation may be caused by unbalanced ascending and descending activities of qi. Better clinical efficacy is liable to get by applying the theory of ascending and descending activities of qi in cancer treatment. Therefore, we hope to provide a reference for clinicians from the following aspects: historical status and academic value of the theory of ascending and descending activities of qi, case examples and classical prescriptions.
Humans ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Qi

By discussing the significance of correctly understanding the concept of TCM term "qi", the author considers that the translation of TCM terms has its own speciality, and the translators should know the basic features of TCM and master the real meanings of TCM terms during introducing and translating, and do the work based on the features of TCM and the principles of translation to maintain the intrinsic characteristics of TCM.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Translating

The traditional Chinese medicine property theory refers to a concept for medicines and their effects under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theories. The traditional Chinese medicine property theory studies the formation mechanism and the application regularity of traditional Chinese medicine properties, including four Qi, five flavors, meridian entry, direction of medicinal actions (upward, downward, outward and inward) and toxicity. Embryologically, the traditional Chinese medicine property theory is closely related to medicines and their effects and heavily influenced by philosophical thoughts such as yin-yang and five elements and comparative state, thereby showing complex characteristics. This mainly reflects in that: first, medical properties are formed from multiple sources, with non-unique determination approach in early stage and non-unique corresponding effects and actions; second, medical properties are expressed in multiple characteristics, with diverse representation indicators and factors influencing actual expressions. The modern studies on the traditional Chinese medicine property theory shall focus on these complex characteristics, give attention to the dialectical unity of medical properties and effects and look for individuality as well as generality.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Yin-Yang

Arrival of qi, an important component of traditional theory of acupuncture and moxibustion, is the key factor in determining clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture. The authors summarize the indication of qi-arrival, correlativity of qi-arrival with clinical therapeutic effect and its action mechanism through reviewing modern clinical research. At present, there is more subjective in the study on qi-arrival, so the key problem in research on qi-arrival is how the qi-arrival state is measured by an objective quantization standard. The cerebral function imaging, a new technique, may be used in objectification research on qi-arrival.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Qi ; Research

The theory, methods and ideas of "experiment of progated sensation along meridians (PSM)" were examined in the article through retrieval of ancient medical books, excavating the theory of meridians, the qi of meridians, ying (nutrient) qi, wei (defensive) qi and the related acupuncture techniques. The result shows that PSM is not the reaction of the meridian qi, but the reflection of wei (defensive) qi. Therefore, whether the experiment of PSM revealed with the phenomenon of meridian and all hypothesis based on it or not are still remained as a question. However, although PSM is considered to be related with the wei (defensive) qi, it can not be concluded that the experiment of PSM revealed the function of the wei (defensive) qi.
Humans ; Meridians ; Qi ; Sensation ; Yin-Yang

Humans ; Physiological Phenomena ; Qi ; Time ; Time Factors