Objective To explore the relationships of traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) and recognition and empathy.Methods 120 cases with moderate to-severe TBI and 120 healthy controls with age and gender-matched were chose.Participants were evaluated for facial and vocal affect recognition;and affective and cognitive empathy (empathic concern and perspective-taking,respectively) were detected.Results Participants with TBI had signifi-cantly poorer facial and vocal affect recognition.Facial and vocal affect recognition variances (14.28 ±3.87) points and DANVA2-Voice (14.12 ±3.14) points were significantly lower than those of the control group ( t=-3.927, 4.183,all P<0.05);the empathic concern score (19.58 ±4.87) points and perspective taking(14.46 ±5.34) points were significantly lower than those of the control group too (t=-3.015,-3.935,all P<0.05).Conclusion TBI patients have a tendency to avoid thinking about emotions and more likely to have problems recognizing others′emotions and assuming others′points of view.

BACKGROUND:Traditional imaging examinations have lower sensitivity in diagnosing articular cartilage injury, and the effects of biomarkers in body fluid on diagnosing severity of cartilage injury should be evaluated.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of the biomarkers, including cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), in serum and synovial fluid in evaluating the early sports injury of articular cartilage.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: the 105 Central Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Eighteen adult male hybrid dogs (15-25 kg, average 22.5 kg) were divided into three groups randomly: ①plain-running group (n =8): the dogs ran on the plain; ② slope-running group (n =8): the dogs ran on the slope of 10°; ③control group (n =2): the dogs could move freely.METHODS: Dogs in the plain-running group and slope-running group were trained daily, rurning for an hour in the morning and in the afternoon respectively(total two hours per day), 4 m/s, and the training lasted for 10 weeks. Serum and synovial fluid were collected on the dayof training, and at the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 10th weeks respectively in both the plain-running group and slope-running group, and the concentrations of COMP,MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 were detected with ELISA. Standard curves were built by the standard concentrations and A values, according to which corresponding concentrations of specimens were obtained. Knee joint MRI examination was performed, and the training was canceled on the day of examination. All the dogs were killed after 10 weeks, and the knee joint cartilages weight loading region of femur condyles were observed histologically.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentrations of COMP, MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 in serum and synovial fluid on the day of training, and the 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks in each group; Results of MRI examination of knee joint; Results of the histological observation of knee joint cartilage after 10 weeks.RESULTS: All the 18 dogs were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of examination in serum. ② Results of examination in synovial fluid: In the slope-running group, the COMP concentrations at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks were obviously higher than those in the plain-running group (P ＜ 0.01), MMP-1 concentration at 2, 4 and 6 weeks were higher than those in the plain-running group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), MMP-3 concentrations at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks were higher than those in the plain-running group (P ＜ 0.01);The MMP-3/TIMP-1 ratios at 2, 4 and 8 weeks were higher than those in the plain-running group(P ＜ 0.05-0.01).③ The concentrations of COMP,MMP-1,MMP-3 and TIMP-1 and the MMP-3/TIMP-1 ratio in serum were significantly correlated with the corresponding biomarkers in synovial fluid (r =0.631,0.502, 0.748, 0.651, 0.667, P＜ 0.01). ④ Results of histological observations: In both the plain-running group and slope-running group, obvious pathological changes of articular cartilage injury were observed at 10 weeks, the activity of articular chondrocytes in the surface layer was obviously decreased, which was severer in the latter group than in the former one. ⑤Results of MRI examination: Early sports injury changes of knee joint appeared at 2 weeks, and progressive aggravation occurred in both the plain-running group and slope-running group.CONCLUSION: Repetitive, impacted, torsional, shearing motions with long time and great intensity are easy to induce sports injury,even osteoarthritis.The sensitivity of these biomarkers is better than MRI in reflecting the pathological changes of articular cartilage.

Embolic stroke of undetermined source ( ESUS ) refers to non-lacunar brain infarcts without definite proximal arterialstenosis or major cardioembolic sources.Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may be the most important cause of ESUS, thus anticoagulation may be more effective than antiplatelet therapy for secondary stroke prevention to this group of patients.This paper reviews the latest progress on the definition, epidemiology, diagnostic approach, relation to atrial fibrillation and management of ESUS.

Objective To determine the expression of Aquaporin 8 (AQP8) in the fetal membrane and placenta of idiopathic polyhydramnios. Methods The amnion, chorion and placenta were collected from 12 term pregnancies with idiopathic polyhydramnios(polyhydramnios group) and 12 term pregnancies who were normal (control group). The expression of AQP8 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of AQP8 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of AQP8 mRNA in amnion, chorion and placenta of polyhydramnios group was (0.78±0.13), (0.58±0.10), and (0.86±0.15) respectively, and that of control group was (0.39±0.07 ), (0.45±0.09),and (0.34±0.09) respectively. The expression of AQP8 protein in amnion, chorion and placenta of polyhydramnios group was (0.195±0.024), (0. 170±0.028), and (0. 193±0.024) respectively, and that of control group was (0. 151±0.018), (0.156±0.024), and (0. 152±0.023) respectively. In all 3 types of tissues the expression of AQP8 mRNA of polyhydramnios group was higher than that of control group (P<0.05). In anmion and placenta the expression of AQP8 protein of polyhydramnios group was also increased compared to that of control group (P<0.05), but in chorion the difference in AQP8 protein expression between the two groups was not significant(P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of AQP8 mRNA and protein is significantly increased in the anmion and placenta of polyhydramnios, suggesting that AQP8 may play an important role in the regulation of amniotic fluid volume.

Barriers to doctor-patient communication induced medical disputes easily.Operation is one of the main means for surgical treatment.Surgery has a high incidence of medical disputes for its invasive and high-risk nature in operative treatments.In the course of surgical treatment,we place patients at the center of medical services and carry out the communicating model of "empathy" in doctor-patient communication to reduce the somatopsychic suffering of patients and promote mutual understanding and support between doctors and patients.It proves to help build a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients,reduce medical disputes,advance the quality of medical services and put the relationship between doctors and patients in a win-win situation.

As a high-throughout technique after DNA chips in biomedical research, protein arrays are developing, with high sensitivity and veracity. They have drawn increasing attention because they can provide a new technological platform for life science studies. There has been no effective diagnosis instrument for common articular cartilage injuries when they are at an initial stage, but when the disorders progress into an advanced stage, visible functional disturbances often arise. Protein arrays may offer a solution to the lasting tough problem in orthopaedic field. In this paper, we review the development and research of protein arrays, the regulation of proteins, their biochemical functions and their potential interaction partners, as well as changes of cartilage biomarkers in body fluid after injury. In addition, the feasibility and rationality of using protein microarrays for diagnosing early articular cartilage injuries are discussed.

Objective To study the adaptation process and extent of changes in articular cartilage in the canine knee joint to the intensified training, in order to elucidate the influence of different movement training on remodeling and reconstruction of articular cartilage. Methods Twenty adult dogs were randomly divided into three groups. Eight dogs were assigned to the short training group, and they were allowed to run on a slope of 10? with the speed of 200m/min. Eight dogs were assigned to short intensified training group, and they were allowed to run on a slope of 10? with a speed of 300m/min. Four dogs served as controls, and they were allowed to have unrestricted activity in the cage. Dogs in training group and intensified group were asked to, run for an hour both in the morning and in the afternoon every day (tolally two hours per day). The training lasted for ten weeks. All the dogs were euthanized after ten weeks, and all the knee joints were harvested and examined histologically. Results Histological examination after ten weeks of exereises demonstrated that the signs of cartilage damage and repair were obvious in canine knee joint in training group and intensified group. Remodeling process was better promoted in the intensified group compared with training group, but there was no significant difference in Mankin score between these two groups. Conclusion Movements for a long time with great intensity are prone to induce sport injury. It is followed by repair process. Intensified training promotes a better remodeling reconstruction of articular cartilage than ordinary training.

Objective To explore the significance of such biological markers as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinases-1(MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in serum and synovial fluid to evaluate early motional injury on knee joint cartilage induced by different modes of training. Methods Twenty adult dogs were randomly divided into three groups, i.e. common training group (n=8), short intensified training group (n=8) and control group (n=4). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed regularly (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks) to investigate the changes in the knee joint cartilage, while the concentrations of COMP, MMP-1, MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in serum and synovial fluid were measured by ELISA. Results It was revealed by MRI that the motional injury to knee joint cartilage occurred both in common training group and short intensified training group 2 weeks after training with different intensity, with severest injury occurring during 4~6 weeks after training, and then subsided gradually. The concentrations of COMP, MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 and MMP-3/TIMP-1 in serum and synovial fluid elevated in various degrees during training period with the lapse of time. Generally, the concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-3/TIMP-1 in short intensified training group were lower, while that of COMP was higher, than that in common training group. The results suggested that the possibility of incurring articular injury in short intensified training group was lower than that in common training group, while the possibility of repairing the injury was on the contrary. Furthermore, the changes in levels of biomarkers in both serum and synovial fluid showed a close correlation. Conclusions Intensified training may result in moulding reconstruction better than the common training did. A combined determination of several biomarkers could be more sensitive than MRI examination on predicting the injury and repair of articular cartilage and on monitoring the course of illness. Therefore they are valuable for clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect of combined anti-platelets drugs on platelet activation in the elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods Totally 72 elderly patients with ACS were divided randomly into two groups according to age ≤ 80 years and ＞ 80 years.Aspirin 100 mg/d plus clopidogrel 75 mg/d were used in all the patients for 2 weeks.The positive glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa and P-selectin expressions on the surface of platelets were assessed with flow cytometry (FCM) after the platelets were activated by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid.Results The expressions of GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa and P-selectin were (73.5± 11.0,71.2±8.7) ％ at baseline and (51.3±9.1,57.3±12.4)％ after anti-platelets medicine more than 14 days in group of age≤80 years.than 14 days.The expression of GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa and P-selectin were (78.3 ±12.7,75.8±8.6)％ on the surface of platelet at baseline in group of age＞ 80 years,after anti-platelets medicine treatment were (41.2±8.5,47.3±10.3)％.The positive expressions of GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa and P-selectin in group of age＞ 80 years were decreased compared with those in group of age≤ 80 years after combination of medicines treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusions Combined aspirin and Clopidogrel treatment have a more strong effect in inhibiting the activation of platelets in the elderly patients more than 80-year with ACS.

The author believed that pathogenesis of IGT is yin asthenia,deficiency of both vital energy and yin,obstruct of phlegm and blood stasis,which result from innate deficiency,improper diet,over exertion and so on.According to these pathogenesis,therapeutic principle as supplementing qi and nourishing yin,invigorating vital energy and spleen,removing blood stasis and phlegm,and nourishing yin and kidney are established.Besides,acupuncture and massage have been applied as well.According to the literatures,good potentialities have been shown in traditional Chinese medicine intervening on IGT.