In order to demonstrate the relationship between somatostatin (SRIF) and vasopressin (VP) or ncurotensin (NT) in periventricular nucleus (Pv) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat hypothalamus, pre-embedding PAP labeling SRIF combined with post-embedding colloid gold labeling VP or NT was used in this study. The results presented that some of SRIF-immunoreactive cells were VP positive. SRIF and VP co-contained dendron was observed between the subendymal cells. SRIF and VP double labeled axon made synaptic contact with SRIF and VP double labeled perikarya and other unstained dendrons. In the Pv and PVN, coexistence of SRIF and NT in the same neurons was revealed. Its axon made synapse with negative dendron. In Pv, SRIF axon made synaptic contact with SRIF and NT co-contained dendron. Some of SRIF-immunoreactive cells were not labeled by VP or NT. These results suggested that the interregulation between SRIF and VP or NT might occur intracellularly. The two kinds of double labeled neurons were involved in local nucleus modulation. The SRIF and VP co-contained neurons may receive information and secrete hormone into cerebrospinal fluid.

Islet transplantation is one of the effective methods for diabetic therapy. Insulin-producing cells oriently differentiated from embryonic stem cells provide enough cell sources for islet transplantation. The article reviews the progress of recent research on differentiation of embryonic stem cells into insulin-producing cells.

The distribution and numbers of SRIF-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers in normal and castrated rats hypothalamus were studied by PAP immunocytochemistry. The results showed that the positive cell bodies and fibers in periventricular nucleus (PV), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were more numerous in male than in female. Another marked sexual dimorphism was found in medial preoptic area (MPO) which was filled with dense plexus of varicose immunoreactive fibers in male, while there were low density of stained fibers in female. Orchiectomized rats had fewer number of positive neurons in PV, PVN, SCN and arcuate nucleus (ARN), and lower density of fiber in SCN, ARN, MPO and median eminence than the normal rats. On the contrary, in the ovariectomized rats could find more numerous cell bodies and fibers in these areas. When gonadal steroid was given after gonadectomy, the SRIF neurons became similar to the normal.

Objective To explore the effective treatment in children of abdominal allergicpurpura.Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 54 children with abdominal allergicpurpura.54 cases were divided into three groups.Each 18 cases in group Ⅰ,groupⅡ,and group Ⅲ.It was used large doses of methylprednisolone in the group Ⅰ,ranitidine in the groupⅡ,and cimetidine in the groupⅢ,based on conventional treatment.To analyze the effect and adverse effect after the treatment.Results The effect of groupⅠ,and groupⅡ,was significantly higher than group Ⅲ(t=11.775,8.901,7.613,5.786,10.105,12.347,all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between groupⅠ,and group Ⅱ(P＞0.05).The adverse effect of groupⅠ,was significantly higher than the other groups(x2=4.500,5.017,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment of hormone had obvious effect in children with abdominal allergicpurpura,but it had some risks in the gastrointestinal,so we should close observe the gastrointestinal tract in children.Ranitidine and cimetidine are the drugs of inhibiting gastric acid secretion,but the ranitidine much better than cimetidine.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Restenosis ; prevention & control ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Endothelium ; cytology ; Humans ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Stents

AIM:To observe the preliminary efficacy of conbercept injected intravitreally for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration(wAMD).METHODS:Seventeen wAMD patients (18 eyes) were selected to receive conbercept injection.All patients were given a single conbercept injection every month,3 times.Before and after 1,2,3mo of the injection,the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure (IOP,measured by Non-contact tonometer),fundus photography,fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA),indocyanine green angiography(ICG),optical coherence tomography(OCT) examination and the complications incidence were compared.RESULTS:Three months after conbercept injection,the BCVA improved in 15 eyes (83%),stable in 3 eyes (17%).Before treatment,the average central macular thickness was 421.72±54.43μm,at 1 and 2 and 3mo after treatment,the average central macular thickness was 337.89±25.88μm,293.56±26.87μm,266.89±19.10μm respectively.There were significant differences compared with before and after injection(P<0.05).In the final follow up,FFA and ICG showed that the leakage in macular area disappeared in 15 eyes (83%),still existed in 3 eyes (17%),in those 3 eyes the injection was given for one or two times till the leakage disappeared.Elevated intraocular pressure occurred in 2 cases (26mmHg,23mmHg),after 1d down to normal.Another patient showed postoperative envy,given left ofloxacin eye drops after 2d,then back to normal.There was no serious ocular adverse reactions.CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection conbercept for wAMD can significantly improve the visual function,reduce the macular edema and the leakage with higher safety and less complications.However the prolonged efficacy needs further observation.

Insulin receptor substrate(IRS)-1 and IRS-2 expression levels of liver tissues and skeletal muscle in intrauterine growth retarded(IUGR)rats were investigated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.An IUGR animal model was established by maternal nutrition restriction during pregnancy.IRS-2 expression level of liver tissue and IRS-1 expression level of skeletal muscle in IUGR rats at 0 and 3 weeks old were significantly lower than those in normal rats at the same age respectively,and insulin resistance was induced in IUGR,and these findings might be the molecular mechanisms susceptible to metabolic syndrome in IUGR rats.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and risk factors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods Two hundred and two T2DM patients aged ≥60 y admitted in Tongren Hospital from August 2009 to February 2012 were enrolled in the study,including 64 cases complicated with CKD (CKD group)and 138 cases without CKD (non-CKD group).Hemoglobin (Hgb),albumin (ALB),glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1 c),fasting plasma glucose(FBG),postprandial glucose (PBG),serum creatinine (Scr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),uric acid (UA),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high densitylipoprotein (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were measured and ratio of urinary albumin to creatinine (UAER/CR) were calculated,ankle brachial index (ABI) and ambulatory blood pressure was examined.Results The duration of diabetes in CKD group was longer than that in non-CKD group [(13 ± 11) vs.(10 ± 7) y,t =2.35,P ＜ 0.05].Hgb and ALB in CKD group were lower than those in non-CKD group [(12.1 ± 1.7) vs.(13.3 ±1.3) g/L,(34.4±2.6) vs.(36.8 ±3.4) g/L,t=-5.73,-4.75,allP＜0.01]; UA,TG,24 h systolic blood pressure (SBP),24 h pulse pressure (PP)in CKD group were higher than those in non-CKD group [(367 ± 81) vs.(323 ± 74) μmol/L,(1.6 ± 0.9) vs.(1.3 ± 0.7) mmol/L,(133 ± 14) vs.(127±16)mmHg,(65 ±12) vs.(58 ±12)mmHg,t =3.82,2.50,2.47,3.68,all P＜0.1].The UAER/CR in CKD group and non-CKD group was 86.2 mg/g (24.6-374.8 mg/g) and 6.0 mg/g (3.6-17.8 mg/g),respectively (P ＜ 0.01) and ABI in CKD group and non-CKD group was 0.94 ± 0.18 and 1.03 ±0.18 (-2.78,P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in FBG,PBG,HbA1c,TC,HDL-C andLDL-C between two groups(t =-2.02,1.47,1.48,-0.53,-1.20,-0.76,all P＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that ALB,TG and UAER/CR were the independent risk factors of CKD in T2DM patients(OR:0.79,3.63 and 1.04,95％ CI:0.62-1.01,1.45-9.01 and 1.00-1.08).Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that eGFR was positively associated with Hgb,ALB,ABI (r =0.38,0.33 and 0.28,all P ＜ 0.01),negatively associated with age,BUN,Cr,UA,TG,UAER/CR,24 hSBP and PP in all diabetes patients(r =-0.32,-0.63,-0.89,-0.34,-0.18,-0.65,-0.16 and -0.248,all P ＜0.01).Conclusions ALB,TG,UAER/CR are the independent risk factors of chronic kidney disease in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

10 years. Pulmonary functions were determined routinely and followed for 10 years. Results Comparison between the values of pulmonary functions at the beginning and end of a 10- year follow-up showed very significant difference in the groups of Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ. Among the parameters examined, FEV_1, PEF, MMEF, and MVV showed significant increase in these 3 groups (P

Objective To study the variation of the urogenital hiatus dimension in late pregnancy women by three-dimensional(3D) pelvic floor ultrasonography,to provide imaging evidence in the study of the relationship between pregnancy and pelvic floor dysfunction diseases.Methods Twenty nulliparas and forty late pregnancy women were examined by 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography to obtain the image of urogenital hiatus in which anteroposterior diameter of urogenital hiatus (AP),left to right diameter of urogenital hiatus (LR) and area of urogenital hiatus (HA) were measured and compared.AP,LR and HA were also compared between the late pregnancy women with stress urinary incontinence symptom and those without stress urinary incontinence symptom.Results AP,LR and HA in late pregnancy women were greater than those in nulliparas(all P ＜0.05) and had no difference between the late pregnancy women with stress urinary incontinence symptom and those without stress urinary incontinence symptom(all P ＞0.05).Conclusions 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography is an effective imaging method to observe pelvic support in pregnancy women.