Many controversies and unanswered questions surround AIS(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis),the most difficult one is the absence of information about its aetiopathogenesis.Although bracing has been regarded as the standard of care for patients at a high risk of progression,it has never been subjected to rigorous assessment of either its efficacy or effectiveness.With respect to surgical management,although technology has greatly increased the safety with which we can correct spinal deformity and preserve spinal balance,long-term results of these changing methods of management are absent.Surgery can reduce deformity and prevent further progression;thereby decreasing the risk of future cardiopulmonary compromise,but its role in the prevention of other negative long-term effects of scoliosis is not clear.In this paper we discuss present notions about aetiopathogenesis,natural history,non-operative treatment,and surgery.

The compositions and contents of fatty acids in the meat and viscera in Chlamys ferreri near Yantai seacoast, Shandong Province were studied in detail. The result showed that the contents of the unsaturated fatty acids in the meat and wastes were 65. 0% and 66. 2%, respectively. Moreover, the contents of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and EPA+DHA were 55. 1% and 37. 5% in the meat, respectively. The contents in the viscera were 48. 8% and 22. 2%, respectively.

Objective To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive function in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.Methods The animal model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was established in 30 Sprague-Dawley rats by surgically induced bilateral common caroid artery stenosis,who were then divided into a control group and a treatment group.The rats in the treatment group were administered with 20 Hz rTMS 4 weeks postoperation for 7days.Another 10 rat subject to sham operation served as blank controls.The cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) at the time points of 2nd,3rd,4th and 5th days after ending of the 4 weeks of tretment.The morphologic changes of hippocampus neurons were observed with HE staining.The apoptosis was examined by TUNEL,the expression of Bcl-2 or Bax protein was determined using immnunohistochemistry assay.Results At all the time points the MWM escape latency in the rTMS group was shorter than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The percentage of crossing the corresponding platform during the same time period in platform quadrant in the rTMS group was significant higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group,the treatment group demonstrated significantly decreased percentage of neuronal apoptosis (P ＜0.05),as well as increased expression of Bcl-2 protein (P ＜0.01) and reduced expression of Bax protein (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion rTMS can improve the cognitive dysfunction in rats caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion,probably through inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus region.

Crowns ; Dentures ; Humans

Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Prostatic Diseases ; therapy ; Urinary Calculi ; therapy ; Urologic Neoplasms ; therapy

Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is a chronic disease characterized by urinary symptoms and pain in or around the bladder with uncertain reasons. The incidence of BPS is higher in the female and people in American and Europen countries. The BPS patients' quality of life has been damaged and a new disabled group has been formed. The pathogeneses of BPS include pathogens inducing inflammation, chronic ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury producing degeneration in bladder, lower urinary epithelium dysfunction, apoptosis in bladder tissue, epigenetic reprogramming, abnormal intracellular signaling pathway, pain regulating dysfunctioning, and autophagy inhibit-ed. There is no identified diagnosis for BPS. Cystoscopy, urodynamia, and biomarks in blood or urine are helpful in diagnosis. Diet, psycho-logical intervention, oral medicine, intravesical therapy, nerve blocking and nerve stimulation, and surgeries have been used for it, but the ef-ficacy remains unsatisfied.

Objective To discuss the relationships between expression levels of CD147 and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and the clinicopathological features.Methods The expression of CD147 and VEGF-C in 57 lung cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method.Results The positive expression rates of CD147 and VEGF-C in 57 lung cancer tissues were 63.16 ％ (36/57),66.67 ％ (38/57) respectively.The expression of CD147 and VEGF-C in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma had no statistical difference (both P ＞ 0.05).The expression of CD147 and VEGF-C in lung squarnous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma had relationship with lymph node metastasis and tumor TNM stage (all P ＜ 0.05),however they had not correlation with the patient' s age,sex,smoking and tumor cell differentiation extent irrelevant (all P ＞ 0.05).The expression of CD147 was related positively with VEGF-C (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions CD147 and VEGF-C play important roles in the progression and metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma,which may have a synergistic effect.The joint detection of CD147 and VEGF-C can be used as a useful prognostic indicator in patients with lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To observe monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) changes in ischemic tissue during the process of angiogenesis induction in ischemic limbs by autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation.METHODS: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to 2 groups (n = 10): model and MSC transplantation. Femoral and tibial bone marrow was taken to isolate and culture MSCs by percoll density gradient method. Cells of the 3~(rd) or 4~(th) passage were used for transplantation. Severe bilateral hind limb ischemia was surgically created in each group rats. Two hours after model establishment, MSCs (1×10~(11)/L) were infused into the ischemic region of rats from the MSC transplantation group, and the model group received the same amount of phosphate buffered saline. Collateral artery formation was determined by angiographic analysis and histological assessment. CD68~+ macrophage infiltration was examined by immunohistochemistry. MCP-1 protein expression in the plasma and ischemic tissue was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MCP-1 mRNA expression in ischemic tissue was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: At postoperative 28 days, treatment with MSC transplantation lead to collateral vessel formation, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that CD68~+ macrophage infiltration was lower compared with the model group. MCP-1 protein and mRNA expression in the plasma and ischemia tissue was significantly lower in the MSC transplantation group than in the model group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Following MSC transplantation, MCP-1 may play an important role in ischemia-induced angiogenesis. This indicates that MCP-1 would become one possible target molecule for modulating inflammatory angiogenesis by MSC Transplantation.

Sustained release drug delivery from microparticles is an excellent alternative for daily protein/peptide drug administration protocol. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are the most commonly used polymer carriers in the development of protein/peptide microspheres. Basically there are three preparation methods for PLA/PLGA microspheres: the solvent extraction/evaporation based multiple emulsion (W/O/W emulsion) method, the phase separation method and the spray drying method. The stability of the protein/pipetide loaded, encapsulation efficiency, and the burst effect of the microspheres are key problems usually met in the preparation of microspheres. In this review the preparation techniques and progress in the development of protein/pipetide microspheres which aimed to stabilize protein/peptide structural integrity, keep the bioactivity of drugs, increase the encapsulation efficiency and improve the release profile were summarized and evaluated.

Serious and/or continuous cerebral hemodynamics disorder is the main cause of neonatal brain injury.Monitoring its changes by using simple,accurate and effective techniques has guiding significances in maintaining the stability of neonatal cerebral hemodynamics.This paper aims to introduce several cerebral hemodynamic monitoring techniques,including color Doppler ultrasound,near infrared spectroscopy,noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging,and provide references to the clinical application in neonatal field.