This paper mainly introduces the origin and development of the slit-lamp microscope, the basic structure, working principle and test methods, focuses on diffuse illumination, direct focal illumination, indirect illumination, retro illumination, zone of specular reflection and slit-lamp filter used in the optical inspection, to provide the reference for clinical general optometry practitioners and using slit-lamp microscope widely and standardized.
Lighting ; instrumentation ; Ophthalmology ; instrumentation

China ; Electrocardiography ; trends

Objective To explore the application of multislice computed tomographyic ( MSCT) perfusion imaging in the assessment of acute cerebral infarction. Methods 50 patients who initially diagnosed as acute cerebral infarction in 6 hours after their outbreak of infarction were selected. The Siemens semsation 4 MSCT was used to scan the patients and form time versus concentration curve analysis, including the comparision of region cerebral blood flow (CBF) between the necrosis region and the normal region, region cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time ( MTT). Each case had to be examined by computed tomography at least once a week after infarction. Results 50 patients were found having a lower CBF and CBV in their necrosis region compared with the other side(P＜0.05) ,and had a longer MTT in their necrosis region compared with the other side( P ＜0.05) ,45 patients were observed a shrink of the size of the infarction region compared with the perfusion image in first 6 hours when they were reexamined by CT a week later(P ＜0.05) ,which proved the exist of ischemic penumbra area around the infarction center. Conclusion The multislice computed tomographyic perfusion imaging technology could define the infarction region and size at the early stage of acute cerebral infarction. It also provided clues to indicate the exist of a vascular area around the necrosis centre. It could diagnose acute cerebral infarction at hyperacute period and provide image proof for the thrombolysis in early period and treatment in individual manner.

Neonatal infection is one of the important reasons for newborns mortality.The current diagnosis indicators of neonatal infection have differences in the sensitivity and specificity,respectively.In recent years,procalcitonin (PCT) is widely used in the diagnosis of various infectious diseases.Studies showed that the PCT had higher sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis of neonatal infection.Serum PCT level is associated with the severity of neonatal infection,the development and the prognosis of the disease.It can be used to evaluate the effect of treatment and the prognosis.During the period of neonatal,the serum PCT is not affected by the level of maternal and the acute inflammatory response which caused by injuries and asphyxia,and it is associated with the severity of newborn bacterial infection.PCT has special significance to the diagnosis of neonatal infection.

Objiective To explore clinical pathologic characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the cat-scratch diseases. Methods 2 patients with cat-scratch diseases were analyzed by histological observation and Warthin-Starry argentaffine fibers stain. Results One patient had a clearly medical history bitten finger by a roam a-bout cat. Histologically, the nodular was composed of epithelioid cells, multinuclear giant cells with a central necrot-ic. Conclusions The common etiology of the cat-scratch disease were Bartonella hensellae. These lesions greagly re-semble those of lymphogranuloma venereum and non-caseous tuberculosis. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis was based on the history, a specific cutaneous test and Warthin-Starry argentaffine fibers stain.

Bilingual teaching is a hot issue in the current medical education reform.This paper discussed the practice of bilingual teaching in ophthalmology education and explored the improvement of teaching materials,enhancement of teaching staff training and promotion of multimedia-based,web-based and PBL-based bilingual teaching in order to provide references for improving the quality of ophthalmology teaching.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of ERα (estrogen receptorα),ERβ(estrogen receptorβ),PR,and Bcl-2 of endometrial polyps.Methods 50 cases of endometrial polyp patients were studied.And 45 cases of endometrial normal subjects were selected as the control group.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detected the FSH,LH,E2,P,T and PRL six levels of the two groups.And endometrial ERα two groups of patients,ERβ,PR and Bcl-2 expression was studied.Results The FSH,LH,E2,P,T and PRL six levels of the two groups were no significant difference(P ＞0.05).Polyps in patients with proliferative phase of ERα,ERβ expression levels of the normal group had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05),the expression level of PR(0.47 ± 0.02) point was significantly lower than that of the normal group(0.53 ± 0.02) point (t =10.383,P =0.000),Bcl-2 expression levels(0.53 ± 0.04) point was significantly higher than that of the normal group (0.49 ± 0.02) point (t =4.322,P =0.000).Polyps in patients with secretory phase of ERα,Bcl-2 expression levels (0.46 ± 0.07;0.43 ±0.04)point were significantly higher than that of the normal group (0.37 ± 0.05 ;0.39 ± 0.03) point (t =5.007,P =0.000; t =3.834,P =0.000),the expression level of PR (0.42 ± 0.02) point was significantly lower than that of the normal group (0.46 ± 0.01)point(t =8.486,P =0.000),there was no significant difference in expression levels between the two groups ERβ(P ＞0.05).Between the two groups displayed,ERα,PR proliferative phase of the normal group and the polyp group,the expression levels of Bcl-2 were significantly higher than that of the secretory phase (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The increase of the ERα,Bcl-2 expression levels,and the reduction of the level of PR expression in patients with endometrial polyps are closely related.

Objective To compare the prevention effect of atrial fibrillation recurrence in hypertensive patients by telmisartan versus nifedipine.Methods Ninety-eight cases of hypertensive with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients were enrolled and divided into telmisartan group and nifedipine group with 49 cases each by random digits table method.Telmisartan group was given telmisartan 80 mg/d,nifedipine group was given nifedipine 30 mg/d.Dose of the drug needed to be adjusted according to individual condition until achieving the target.Followed-up for 18 months.Observed two groups of recurrence of atrial fibrillation and the recurrence time for the first time,recorded before and after the treatment of cardiac parameters:including left atrial diameter (LAD),left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVDD),left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT),interventricular septum thickness (IVST),left atrial volume index(LAVI) and left ventricular mass index(LVMI).Results The blood pressure after treatment in two groups was lower than that before treatment,there was statistically significant difference (P＜ 0.05),but there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,the recurrence of atrial fibrillation,atrial fibrillation recurrence time for the first time in two groups had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).But the incidence of persistent atrial fibrillation in telmisartan group was significantly lower than that in nifedipine group [4.1％ (2/49) vs.16.3％ (8/49)],there was statistically significant difference (P =0.045).The cardiac parameters between two groups before treatment had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,the cardiac parameters in two groups were signifcantly reduced,there were statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the LAD,LVPWT,LAVI and LVMI in telmisartan group after treatment were significantly lower than those in nifedipine group [(37.6 ± 2.9) mm vs.(38.9 ± 2.4) mm,(11.6 ± 1.0) mm vs.(12.0 ± 0.9) mm,(22.0 ± 3.6) ml/m2 vs.(23.9 ± 4.2)ml/m2,(120.4 ± 18.2) g/m2 vs.(129.5 ± 19.2) g/m2],there were statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Nifedipine and telmisartan can effectively lower the blood pressure.But telmisartan is superior to preventing atrial fibrillation recurrences and developing in hypertensive with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients,promoting cardiac parameters and postponing myocardial remodeling.

The effect of ill-air conditioning system on indoor air quality was assessed based on fresh air, air distribution, water system and related facility. The related technical countermeasures to protect indoor air quality were also presented in this paper.

Objective:To explore the effect of two kinds of cardioplegia on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the related protein expressions in rat hearts. Methods:24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8):Control group,STH-2 group and TTX group. Isolated rat Langendorff and Neely working heart models were estabished. The changes in cardiomyocyte apoptosis were detected by TUNEL.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were detected by immunohistochemical assay in cardiomyocyte. The expression of Bcl-2 protein in cardiomyocyte was detected by Western blot. Results:Apoptosis index(AI) in STH-2 group(11.20?0.79)% was significantly higher than that in TTX group(6.92?1.10)% and Control group(1.34?0.23)%(P