Objective To study basically the toxicity of Yangling surface water. Methods Research the toxicities of the water samples through seedling cultivation experiment and the micronucleus test of Vicia faba root tip cell with original wastewater, diluted by 50% and diluted by 25%. Results The results showed that the water had mutagenesis ability, meanwhile, there was a significant dose-response relationship between the amount of micronucleus and water concentration. And the results showed that Houhe pollution is the worst,then Gaogan River and Weihui River were next, and Wei River is the last. Conclusion The surface water of the investigated area has some potential adverse effects on the health of local people and land irrigation,so more attention should paid to the control and management of contamination.