Urine-incontinence is most significant disease in general population its rate between 10-47%. One of the most widespreeding 10 disease’s one is incontinence in USA, In European population 17%, In Russian 16%. Stress incontinence prevalence in Mongolian women, 78.1% was urban population, 21.9% was rural. In already diagnosed population 30% of them were non-treatment group, 32.25% were underwent surgical treatment. Early diagnose, right treatment option choice, value of surgical treatment all of its result is valuable in practice. Urogynecology Division of First Maternity Hospital Of Mongolia patients who underwent urodynamic machine their economic background, etiological factors, symptoms, maternal status, gynecological check up result all of these factors were calculated by PAD- test. Positive patients diagnostic and treatment options were determined by machine. Prospective study were done within 43 women who diagnosed by urodynamic machine. We reassumed pre and post – treatment patient’s incontinence symptoms by machine. 79.3% percent of women diagnosed with stress incontinence had a history of coffee or tea usage. / p<0.01, QR=0.38/. Birth injury such as vaginal or perineal tear showed statistically significant impact on urine incontinency (82%) /p<0.04, QR=0.31/. Among the signs of urine incontinence, dribbling of urine during physical load was a statistically significant sign of stress incontinence. /p<0.04, QR=0.38/ The result of Pad test showed significantly low statistic importance compare to stress incontinence/p<0.01, QR=0.35/. The result of Pad test showed significantly low statistic importance compare to stress incontinence /p<0.01, QR=0.35/. 41/95%/ women showed normal bladder volume while 5% showed low bladder volume which is lower than 300 ml. Residual urine more than 100 ml showed statistically significant relation with stress incontinence /p<0.03, Q=0.32/. The main symptom of stress incontinence in women was urine leakage /p<0.01, Q=0.44/. Stress incontinence prevalence was 44.8% and overactive bladder was 25% in 36-55 age group. Children weight showed no impact on stress incontinence and overactive bladder. 83% of participants had birth number of ≥ 2 showing the statistical significant impact of birth number in urine incontinence (р>0.05, QR=0.8). From all participants, 60% had stress incontinence, 19% had no abnormality, 9% had overactive bladder, 7% had mixed urine incontinence, and 5% had other diseases (urethral atrophy and obstruction). From total 43 participants, 22(51%) had surgical treatment, 4(9%) had chemical treatment, 3(7%) had combined surgical and chemical treatment, and 14 (33%) had physical exercise. From 21 women who received surgical treatment, 16 had improvement and 5 had no improvement. Analyzing the treatment result of urine incontinence by questionnaire and urodynamic test showed improvement in 75 % of patients received surgical and combined surgical chemical treatment and 80% of improvement in patients received chemical and exercise treatment.High number of birth, high usage of coffee and tea, birth injury especially perineal tear are statistically significant factors of stress incontinence development.Pad test is effective test used in diagnosis, treatment planning and monitoring treatment results of urine incontinence.Urine leakage symptom occurs 44% more in women with stress incontinence. 24% of women with stress incontinence were diagnosed without abnormality by urodynamic test. Urodynamic test has a diagnostic importance in treatment planning, individual treatment choice and increase of treatment effect in urine incontinence patients.

BackgroundThe cardiovascular disease is leading cause of mortality and constantly increasing every year forpast decades. In 2014, cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of NCD deaths (17.5 milliondeaths) [7] In Mongolia cardiovascular disease is also leading the cause of mortality and morbidity.It is increasing every year, 479.4 per 10000 population in 2012 was increased to 848.1 per 10000population in 2013 [1, 2].Dr.Jerardin, prof. Z.Lkhagvasuren implanted first stent in Mongolia in 2000. There is rapiddevelopment in interventional cardiology treatment since then.Material and MethodsSince 2011 until 2015, total of 4545 coronary angiography, 2322 stent implantation was performed.This study has included the patients of last 5 years. Total of 1257 patients who were treated with AMIduring 2011 to 2015 at the Third central State Hospital were analyzed.Results73.7% of the patients had left coronary artery disease and 26.3% had right coronary artery disease.Tis findings were similar with other local researcher’s study [3, 4].59.4% of the occlusions were 75-99% stenosis, 23.5% had total occlusion. 62.9% of LAD occlusionwere stenosis over 75%. It demonstrated majority of cases performed were high severe lesions. Thisalso may be demonstrating that patients are receiving treatment in their late stage of the disease.Every stage complication such as mortality, was 3.5%, complication such as restenosis followingone month of after stent implantation was 9-13.1%. Overall mortality rate has decreased each year,11.9% in 2011, 7.8% in 2012, and 4.6% in 2013 relatively. General achievement is now 88.1-95.4%,which is comparable to other countries.Conclusion1257 patients presented with acute myocardial infarction were studied: 880 (70, 0%) were male, 377(30, 0%) were female. Mean age of patients was 55, 08±1, 23; it was 75 patients had no risk factors,751 patients with 1-2 risk factors, 431 patients with 3 or more risk factors. Angiographic distributionof lesion shows 74, 4% had LAD disease, 64, 5% had RCA disease, 25, 8% had LCX lesion, 12, 9%had dialonal LCA lesion.

Background:The cardiovascular disease especially coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality in worldwide. There is lack of research study which evaluated stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis. It is known that coronary stenosis is highly connected to the levels of biomarkers. Coronary atherosclerosis correlated with endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) levels in a group of patients suspected of having coronary artery disease.Objective:The goal of this study was to evaluate the relation between the coronary atherosclerosis and levels of EDNRAMethods:A total of 311 participants were involved in this study. A case-control study was used in the study. The baselines data were collected from the department of Angiography at the National Third Central Hospital and National lilood Transfusion and Research center. We have determined the degree of coronary atherosclerosis using the Angiography machine and Elisa were used for detecting the blood endothelin levels in all groups.Results:98 participants were diagnosed with stenosis and occlusion. The blood endothelin levels were estimated to 6.32±0.64 pg/ml which refer to () degree of coronary stenosis, the first degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated to 5.56±0.22pg/ml, the second degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated to 5.42J0.34 pg/ml, the third degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is estimated to 5.87 H). 13 pg/ml, the fourth degree of stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis is I'SlilllSltll lo 5.69±0.09 pg/ml, it was estimated to 5.88±0.13 pg/ml in control groups. Level of EDNRA (occupying one segment of coronary artery) was estimated to 5.77±0.08 pg/ml. two segment involvement was estimated to 5.72±0.16 pg/ml, three segment involvement 5.73±0.19 pg/ml. four segments involvement 5.50±0.25 pg/ml, respectively.Conclusion:The blood endothelin level and coronary artery stenosis were not correlated statistically significant in control group of the study. However, blood endothelin levels were increased in patients who tend to experience the coronary artery stenosis.

As a result of research exploration patronage appointments to the experts from the International Court institutes Mongolian investigators and the court, responsible for the prosecution of all subjects are interrelated trial research organizations on what industry experts dispute appointment, without question important to them in the case, We are hoping that we will improve awareness of the trial research group. This case will be much easier to defend the interests of participants in the dispute as a possible peace party funds to resolve the case easy to save money and time. Administrative regulations of the Criminal Procedure Code, Civil Procedure Code, Trial expert law has no regulation of expert safety circumstance, but regulated the case participants, and the integrity of the trial exploration object and rights. Moreover, it regulates about that expert must explore inton of criminal case. And there is problem that anyone can threat the experts because of lack of regulation about it. Therefore, Trial experts must provide bythe legal framework ensure in order to protect them from any pressure and subjectively impact.

BACKGROUND. In the world, infertility occurs in 10-15% of the total couples and male infertility accounts for 40-50% of the infertile cases. Infertility frequency in Mongolia is 8.7% in 2003 and 11.6% in 2013. According to the Child and Maternity hospital study, 25.6% of infertility is due to men. Microdeletions of the Y chromosome long arm are the most common molecular genetic causes of severe infertility in men. They affect three regions including azoospermia factors (AZFa, AZFb and AZFc), which contain various genes involved in spermatogenesis. OBJECTIVES. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between sexual hormones and AZF microdeletion on Y chromosome in Mongolian infertile men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Through a cross sectional study, 50 infertile men were examined for Y chromosome microdeletions from January 2018 to August 2018. We determined hormone level, testis biopsy and microdeletions of the Y chromosome using six loci of 3 regions of the AZF gene were investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Semen analysis was performed on samples obtained by self-masturbation at the hospital after 2-7 days of sexual abstinence. Reproductive hormone level in serum including total testosterone, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), and LH is measured at time 8 am to 11 am. If sperm is not recovered, testicular biopsy was performed on the patient. All collected datas were evaluated with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22.0). RESULTS. The rate of microdeletion was 4.0% (2 out of 50 patients). The deletion was on AZFa in the first patient, AZFc in the second patient. The patients with Y chromosome microdeletion had azoospermia. AZFa deleted patient has sertoli cell only syndrome in testis biopsy with FSH 58.0 mIU/ml, LH 12.0 mIU/ml, total testosterone 5.0 ng/ml. AZFc deleted patient had FSH 23.85 mIU/ml, LH 13.01 mIU/ml, total testosterone 4.06 ng/ml. Serum FSH and LH levels were significantly higher in Y chromosome deleted group and FSH level was significantly lower in sperm-retrieved group on TESE. СONCLUSION. We determined 2 cases of Y chromosome microdeletion (4.0%) in infertile men. Serum FSH and LH levels were significantly higher in Y chromosome deleted group.

Objective: Y chromosome microdeletions are the second most common genetic cause of male infertility after Klinefelter syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of Y chromosome microdeletions among infertile Mongolian men. Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 75 infertile men from February 2017 to December 2018. Y chromosome microdeletions were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Semen parameters, hormonal levels, and testis biopsy samples were examined. Results: Among 75 infertile men, two cases of Y chromosome microdeletions were identified. The first case had an AZFa complete deletion and the other had an AZFc partial deletion. This study found that the proportion of Y chromosome microdeletions among infertile Mongolian men was 2.66%. Conclusion The findings can be applied to in vitro fertilization and assisted reproductive technology, and our results will help clinicians improve treatment management for infertile Mongolian couples.

Background: Urinary incontinence is a common and distressful problem worldwide as well as in Mongolia. According to a survey conducted by Dr.Sanjsuren, 32.2% of participated woman were diagnosed with the urinary incontinence. To diagnose and treat this highly prevalent disease, it is important to know the most common types of incontinence in Mongolian woman and its risk factors. However, there is no known studies in Mongolia ultimately concentrated on the prevalence of common types of incontinence and its causes. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the common types of incontinence among Mongolian woman and its key risk factors. Materials and Methods: We used a cross sectional data collected from the urogynecological cabinet based on the first maternal hospital in Ulaanbaatar from June to November 2016. 117 woman aged 20-80, who has incontinence symptoms participated in this study. The type of urinary incontinence is checked by urodynamical equipment “Uromic Samba”. Participants also answered a questionnaire with a purpose of assessing the risk factors. Results: Descriptive analysis shown that age, body weight, number of birth and type of delivery may be the key risk factors of incontinence. Foreinstance, the prevalence of incontinence was 6.8 % among woman aged 25-35 and increases with age 26.3 % at age 36-45, 36.4 % with age group 46-55, 30.5% with age 56-80 above respectively. According to the BMI, 81.2% percent of the participating woman with incontinence are obese. As a result of birth survey among total respondents, 59.3% had 3 or more deliveries. Association between incontinence and age, body mass index was found to be the strongest and type of the delivery was the weakest. 40% of total respondents have stress incontinence, 27% have mixed incontinence, 25% have urge incontinence, 8% have other type incontinance symptoms. Conclusion The most prevalent type of incontinence among Mongolian woman is stress incontinence followed by the urge incontinence. Delivery, body weight was associated with incontinence.

Background: There are 13283 people per 100 000 were diagnosed with skin cancer in 2016. Skin cancer is reported not widely in Mongolia. However, melanoma and non-melanoma new case are gradually increasing since 2010. Rhubarb is an old and well-known traditional Mongolian herbal medicine. Rhubarb is rich of bioactive compounds and widely distributed around Mongolia. People are still using Rhubarb as in food consumption and traditional medical treatments. Yet, there is not reported any therapeutic effect of rhubarb based on scientific research.PurposeTo investigate the anti-cancer activities of rhubarb (Rheum undulatum.L), a new herbal preparation from Mongolia, on B16F10 cells Material and Methods: The shoot of rhubarb was soaked with 40% ethanol and methanol. Murine melanoma B16F10 and RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Cell viability was determined CCK-8 assay. The antimigratory effect of Rhubarb (50-400 μg/μl) was investigated by a wound healing assay for 12 hours. Apoptosis was then evaluated by Western blot analysis. All experiments conducted at Core laboratory of Mongolian national university of medical sciences and Genomics laboratory of Mongolian university of life sciences from November 2015 to February 2017. Results: Ethanol and methanol extract of rhubarb inhibited the proliferation of B16F10 and RAW264.7 cells. In WHMA, cell migration was gradually decreased by concentrate dependent groups compare to the control group. Furthermore, protein expression PARP, Akt, BCL2, BAX and mTOR was investigated. BAX, Akt were down-regulated by rhubarb extraction as expected. DNA fragmentation assay have shown a dose dependent increase in the fragmentation of the DNA signifying apoptotic changes in the R.u extract treated B16F10 cells. Conclusion Rhubarb (Rheum undulatum.L) shows promising anti-cancer activity and can be useful in therapeutic treatment of skin cancer.

BACKGROUND Bovine colostrums is the milk secreted by cows during the first few days after parturition. It contains many essential nutrients and bioactive components, including growth factors, immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin and cytokines ets. Lactoferrin has been reported for its multifunctional properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral antioxidant and anticancer activities. The aims of this study focused on the isolation and purification of lactoferrin from Mongolian bovine colostrums. Lactoferrin purified using HiTrap DEAE an ion exchange chromatography. Lactoferrin purification efficiency was about 60.5%. The single band of purified lactoferrin has been observed in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. METHODS Bovine colostrum was collected at a cow farm in the Darkhan province of Mongolia. At first the cream was separated by centrifugation (10000 xg 20 min at 4oC). In order to separate the whey, the samples were precipitated with 1mol/l to pH 4.6 and centrifuged at 10000 g 20 min again. The samples of whey were stored at -18oC to the analysis. Lactoferrin was purified by HiTrap DEAE an ion exchange chromatography using 0.005 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.7) and linear gradient NaCl from 0.25M, 0.5M, 1M. During chromatography, protein in the eluents was monitored by ultraviolet absorbation at 280 nm with the instrument. Purity test done by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturated condition (SDS-PAGE) method by Laemmli (1970). For HPLC determination of the lactoferrin by Shimadzu Nexera X2 HPLC system with UV/ VIS detector were used. Detection was carried out at the wavelength 280 nm. Separation was performed on a chromatographic column Protein R C18 ,2.2 x 150 mm, 5 μm particle size. Linear gradient and flow rate 0.2 ml/min were used. Mobile phase a consisted of water / acetonitrile/ trifluoroacetic acid ( 95:5:0.1). The column temperature was set at 40oC and injection volume was 10 μl. Data were collected and evaluated by software Lab Solution. An external standard method for quantification analytes was used. RESULTS Purified lactoferrin in the present study had a good concentration and purification efficiency was about 60.5 %. Protein fraction from 1M NaCl gradient delivers sharp and clean peak to HPLC chromatogram that fits intensity and retention time of standard bovine lactoferrin. Ammount of lactoferrin in bovine colostrums was 0.6 mg/ml and it`s molecular weight 80 kDa as a standard sample. The retention time of lactoferrin fraction which is purified by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The peak of fraction same compared to the standard lactoferrin 5.8 minutes by HPLC analysis. CONCLUSION Ion exchange chromatography shows reliable and easy isolation of lactoferrin from Mongol bovine colostrum.