Introduction: Stichopus hermanii (SH), which contains various antioxidant agents, tends to protect oxidative stress caused by chronic cigarette smoking (CCS). This study, therefore, aims to investigate the protective effect of SH supplementation against CCS-induced oxidative stress in rat salivary glands. Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats, which were equally divided into the control (C), cigarette smoke (CS), and treatment (T) groups, were used to carry out this research. In T group, 17 mg/kg BW of SH was administered for 90 days. Their salivary glands were removed for oxidative stress marker analyses ie malondialdehyde (MDA) level, total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, with the data analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test to obtain a p-value of less than 0.05, which were considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed that in the CS group oxidative stress occurred which was characterized by significantly increased MDA levels, reduced TAS, SOD and CAT activity. While the T group significantly decreased MDA levels, enhanced TAS, SOD and CAT activity. Conclusion: In conclusion, SH supplementation tends to prevent oxidative stress produced by CCS in rat salivary glands.

ABSTRACT Salmon skin extract contains high proline and hydroxyproline, and has been suggested as a potential topical agent for traumatic oral ulcer healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of salmon skin extract as traumatic oral ulcer healing. A total of 32 Wistar rats (200 g to 250 g) were distributed into four groups. Group 1 served as the control group (no treatment), Group 2 was topically treated with salmon skin extract agent 4%, Group 3 was topically treated with salmon skin extract agent 5%, and Group 4 was topically treated with salmon skin extract agent 6%. Traumatic ulcers at lip mucosa were performed in all rats and 0.1 ml salmon skin extract was applied on the ulcer twice daily for seven days. The animals were euthanised on the last day of treatment. Biopsy specimens were taken from the lip mucosa in all rats for epithelial thickness evaluation and the study for number of fibroblasts by histological analysis. Significant increase in epithelial thickness and the number of fibroblasts (p > 0.05) was observed in salmon skin extract treatment groups as compared to the control group. Salmon skin extract 6% treatment group had the highest epithelial thickness and the number of fibroblasts amongst the study groups. Salmon skin extract promises an innovative topical application treatment for traumatic oral ulcer healing. Salmon skin extract 6% was the most effective concentration for traumatic oral ulcer healing.
Epithelial Cells ; Fibroblasts ; Oral Ulcer--therapy