OBJECTIVE:To establish a simple method for calculating the optimal pharmacokinetic-equation parameters in drugs by intravenous administration using Excel programming solution.METHODS:The pharmacokinetic parameters and compartment model parameters after intravenous injection drugs were computed by means of Excel programming solution,and the results were compared with those computed by DAS method or residual method.RESULTS:By means of Excel programming solution,the optimal pharmacokinetic parameters of one-and two-compartment models were obtained,which were completely in line with those computed by DAS program.CONCLUSION:Excel programming solution is applicable for the computation of the pharmacokinetic parameters of one-and two-compartment models following intravenous injection drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a simple individualized dosage regimen of multiple oral dosing of Theophyllin. METHODS:Based on pharmacokinetic parameters,Excel function was used to design the dosage regimen of multiple oral dosing extravascular administration of one-compartment model with Theophylline as an example. RESULTS:The following parameters such as plasma drug concentration at any time (t) since administration of Theophylline,peak time,maximum steady plasma-drug concentration,minimum steady plasma-drug concentration,accumulation coefficient,fluctuation percentage,fluctuation amplitude,and dosage for children and the old could be obtained and the concentration-time curves were able to be drawn from the input data including physical and pathological parameters,dosage (X0) of Theophylline,interval ?,absorption rate constant (Ka),drug clearance rate (CL),absorption fraction (F) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd). CONCLUSION:The method adopted in our study is simple,reliable and intuitive,and it is applicable for the design of the individualized dosage regimen of Theophyllin.

Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Ammonia ; poisoning ; Burns, Inhalation ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Male ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; therapy ; Respiratory Therapy ; Young Adult

Acute Kidney Injury ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Biomarkers ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; diagnosis

Congenital Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; genetics ; prevention & control ; Deafness ; diagnosis ; genetics ; prevention & control ; Genetic Testing ; Humans

AIM:To select an optiomal formulation of liposome entrapped alkanin prepared with ethanol injection in the combination of orthogonal design and central composite design/Response surface method.METHODS:Five influencing factors,including ratio of alkanin to liposome and soyabean lecithin to cholesterol,volume ratio of ethanol phase to water phase,soybean concentration and mannitol concentration were chosen as indices by orthogonal design.Then the method utilized the central composite design,which fitted multivariate linear and second/third order nonlinear regression equation,to find out the optimal formulation.RESULTS:Third order regression equation gained made the good prediction about entrapment(85.4%)and alkanin load(5.16%),and exhibited no significant difference between theoretic value and measured value.CONCLUSION:The combination of orthogonal design with central composite design is a feasible and convenient method to optimize the prescription of alkanin-liposome.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.019

OBJECTIVE: To verify the monitoring effects on irrational physicians'orders by MTP intervention in our hospital.METHODS: The irrational physicians' orders in our hospital between 2005 and 2007 were monitored by PASS using MTP(Monitoring-Training-Plan) intervention model.RESULTS: As compared with before intervention,the black-lamp-precaution-medication's revision rate increased significantly after intervention,which greatly reduced the incidence of potential adverse drug events.CONCLUSION: MTP intervention can arouse physicians' attention on the monitoring results with PASS,increase the black-lamp-precaution-medication revision rate and prevent the occurrence of medication errors.

Objective To observe the effect of drug combinations on the blood flow after reduction of the testicular torsion in rabbits.Methods From October 2014 to June 2015,36 male rabbits (weighing 1.8-2.4 kg,10-14 months of age) were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,18 in each group.Produced by surgical testicular torsion model (720° counterclockwise rotation of the left side testicle),every rabbit was accepted surgery reset after 9 hours and found all twisted testicles were dark.After fomentation with warm salt water,all the testicles were observed no significant improvement in colors,and no fresh blood flow after opening tunica albuginea,then all the testicles were retained and fixed.Low molecular dextran(5 ml/kg,ear marginal vein injection,1/d),papaverine(1.5 mg/kg,intramuscular,3/d) and low molecular weight heparin sodium (200 IU/kg,subcutaneous,l/d) were applied to promote testicular revascularization for 5 days in experimental group,and penicillin (40 000 U/kg,intramuscular,1/d) for 7 days.Control group was only given penicillin (40 000 U/kg,intramuscular,1/d) to prevent wound infection.Then Color Doppler ultrasound was used to observe the testicular blood flow siganals that were divided into 0,1,2,3 classes.Class 2 and class 3 could be considered as testicular survival.After each scrotum was opened,according to color,texture of testicle and whether the fresh blood flowing out when tunica albuginea was opened,to determine whether the testicle was alive.The testicle was ruddy,flexible,and fresh blood was observed,which could prove testicular survival.Results In experimental group,the testicular blood flow siganals:0 class 4 cases,1 class 3 cases,2 class 4 cases,3 class 7 cases.In control group,the testicular blood flow siganals:0 class 9 cases,1 class 2 cases,2 class 4 cases,3 class 3 cases.Surgical exploration found 11 cases of testicular survival in experimental group and 7 cases in control group,which was significantly difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The combined application of low molecular dextran,papaverine,low molecular weight heparin sodium can promote the recovery of testicular blood after reduction of testicular torsion,and improve testicular survival rate.

Objective To compare the image quality and scanning dose of time-subtraction and dual-energy-subtraction cerebral CT angiography, and to assess clinical application value of both methods. Methods Plain and enhanced scanning were performed on 60 patients suspected cerebral vessel diseases with dual-source CT. Dual-energy mode with tube voltages of 140 and 80 kV was used in enhanced scanning, and data of two different energy were collected in one scanning. ①Traditional removed-bone digital subtraction (time-subtraction) with plain and 80 kV enhanced scanning data were obtained. Volume render (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction were finished; ②Direct removed-bone digital subtraction (dual-energy subtraction) with 80 kV and 140 kV enhanced scanning data were obtained. VR and MIP reconstruction were finished. The image quality of VR and MIP was divided into 4 grades, and were compared as well as average effective radiological dose. All the diseases were confirmed with surgery or DSA. Average effective radiological dose was compared with time-subtraction and dual-energy subtraction. Results Internal carotid artery trunk and branch and Willis circles were displayed clearly with two methods in 60 cases. No significant difference was found (P>0.05) between total quality score of the two methods. The size, shape, neck and axis point of aneurysm in 24 cases were clearly displayed, so as the shape and extent of abnormal vessel bolus in 4 cases, while arteries and veins were also clear in artery-vein malformation; ③The average radiological dose was (26.60±0.50)mSv in time-subtraction and (22.40±0.50) mSv in dual-energy subtraction. Conclusion The normal, abnormal vessels and diseases can be clearly displayed at time-subtraction and dual-energy subtraction CTA. The effect of dual-energy-subtraction is better than that of time-subtraction CTA in no-cooperation patients, and the radiological dose is lower in dual-energy CTA.