Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation

Objective: To screen the changes of immune-associate genes expression which is related with the ageing using cDNA microar-ray.Methods:The mRNA from the spleens of young and aged rats were extracted respectively and reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporation of different fluorescent-labeled dUTP as the hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized to the cDNA microarray that contains the cDNA products of 416 immune-associated genes. After high-stringent washing, the cDNA microarray was scanned for the fluorescent signals and showed the gene expression differences between the young and the aged. Some biochemical assays were used to confirm the physiological differences between the young rats and the aged rats. Results: Among the examined genes, 13 down-regulated genes were identified. These genes correlated with immuned response, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and DNA/RNA repair. Only one gene which encoded ?-amylase was much higher in the aged than that in the young. Conclusion: Further analysis of the differenially expressed immune-associated genes based on cDNA microarray will be helpful for understanding the molecular mechanism of the ageing.

Objective To understand the microcystin(MC-LR)pollution in drinking water in the city and countryside of Fuling District,Sichuan,China.Methods In 2004,285 water samples were collected from different types of water in Fuling district in different season and the concentration of LR(MC-LR),total phosphorus and total nitrogen in water were determined respectively.Results From July to November in 2004,no LR(MC-LR)was detected and the total phosphorus and total nitrogen did not exceed the national standard limits in the drinking water in the city,but in the secondary water supply in the city,the MC-LR was detected,the total phosphorus and total nitrogen exceed the standard limits.In the countryside,the MC-LR was detected,the total phosphorus and total nitrogen exceed the standard limits.Conclusion In the countryside of Fuling District,Sichuan,China,the drinking water,water source and tap water,was seriously contaminated by microcystin,the total phosphorus and total nitrogen exceed the national standard limits.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the national essential medicine system and satisfy the needs of ra-tional use from the public METHODS:The current situation and existing problems in the national essential system were described by literature research and comparative analysis,and recommendations were presented. RESULTS:The implementation of essential medicine system has certain effects in China,but there still remains some problems,involving too much variety of essential medi-cines,high price and others,and limitation of the use of medicine and distribution in primary medical institutions. CONCLU-SIONS:Government should further simplify the essential medicine lists,reduce prices,strengthen policy support for primary medi-cal institutions,deepen the national essential medicine system and protect the public's rational drug use.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; genetics ; Lamin Type A ; genetics

ALM To study the effects of ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on expressions of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S 100 protein(S 100) mRNA in newborn rat brain after hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and the mechanism of GbE against HIBD. METHODS The dynamic changes of expressions of NSE S 100 mRNA in brain tissue and effects of GbE were studied using 7 d SD rat hypoxic ischemic brain damage model and RT PCR techniques. RESULTS The peak expressions of mRNA for NSE and S 100 occurred 24 and 48 hours after HIBD respectively, and their expressions decreased gradually. The expressions of mRNA for NSE S 100 in 24, 48, 72 hours were increased after treatment with GbE ( P

Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Humans ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; genetics

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia ; complications ; Autopsy ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; complications ; Cause of Death ; Coronary Disease ; complications ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; complications ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans

功能性电刺激（FES）这一技术打开了瘫痪运动功能重建的一个广阔领域。在临床应用的推广中，对FES的基本原理和存在的问题有充分的认识，是应用成功的关键因素之一。本文分三部分阐述FES的基本概念、设计和应用。第一部分将讨论电刺激的阈值、募集顺序等概念。第二部分将介绍肌肉电刺激的安全参数范围、组织损伤，并讨论刺激器的设计。第三部分以C5/C6患者手功能重建为例，阐明功能性电刺激系统的工作原理。

Objective To investigate the epidemiologic factors associated with the age of natural menopause and menopausal symptoms in a large population at age of 40 to 65 years in Jiangsu Province.Methods From May 2010 to Oct.2011,a total of 20 275 women (40 to 65 years) attending health examination in Jiangsu Province were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.A structured questionnaire was used to collect data of demographics,menopausal status,chronic diseases,reproductive history.Also the menopausal symptoms were evaluated by Kupperman menopause index (KMI).Cox proportional hazards regression model and Logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for earlier age of natural menopause and menopausal symptoms,respectively.Results The overall median age at natural menopause in Jiangsu women was 50 years.Lower educational level,poor economic status,lower body mass index (BMI),age at menarche less than 14 years,nulliparity and smoking were associated with earlier onset of natural menopause (P ＜ 0.05).The most frequently symptoms in perimenopausal women were fatigue (46.84％,1880/4014),insomnia (44.67％,1793/4014) and muscle/joint pain (43.80％,1758/ 4014),while sexual problems (57.06％,3463/6070),muscle/joint pain (53.30％,3235/6070) and insomnia (51.03％,3097/6070) were predominant symptoms in postmenopausal women.After adjusting for confounding factors,it was revealed that women with poor educational background,low income,divorce,higher BMI,higher parity,and smoking presented positive correlation with menopausal symptoms (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The study suggested that an estimate of median age at natural menopause were 50 years in Jiangsu women.The main factors contributing to earlier onset of menopause and menopausal symptoms were lower educational level,poor economic status,and smoking.Moreover,there were different menopausal symptoms between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women,which provided the important insights for physicians to prevent and treat menopause symptoms in their clinical practice.