No abstract available.
Classification* ; Exostoses* ; Psychophysiologic Disorders* ; Self Report*

Psychosomatic disorders are defined as disorders characterized by physiological changes that originate partially from emotional factors. This article aims to discuss the psychosomatic disorders of the oral cavity with a revised working type classification. The author has added one more subset to the existing classification, i.e., disorders caused by altered perception of dentofacial form and function, which include body dysmorphic disorder. The author has also inserted delusional halitosis under the miscellaneous disorders classification of psychosomatic disorders and revised the already existing classification proposed for the psychosomatic disorders pertaining to dental practice. After the inclusion of the subset (disorders caused by altered perception of dentofacial form and function), the terminology "psychosomatic disorders of the oral cavity" is modified to "psychosomatic disorders pertaining to dental practice".
Body Dysmorphic Disorders ; Classification* ; Delusions ; Halitosis ; Mouth ; Psychophysiologic Disorders*

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in children and adolescents are influenced by diverse psychiatric components such as psychosocial stresses, familial environment, school-related situations, and comorbid psychiatric conditions. Absolutely psychiatric symptoms of pediatric patients are also affected by problems of GI system. Lots of symptoms including anorexia, dyspepsia, nausea and so on are commonly originated from either GI or psychiatric causes or both. Sometimes the negative interactions between GI and psychiatric problems aggravate the severity and eventually decline the functions of children and adolescents with GI symptoms. We summarized the common GI and psychiatric conditions which have GI and psychiatric associations. To a clinician who manages pediatric GI disorders, psychiatric considerations can be beneficial to understand the clinical manifestations of patients and to find the way to relieve them. This short and somewhat superficial review may help to have a bird's-eye view on this topic.
Adolescent ; Anorexia ; Child ; Dyspepsia ; Humans ; Nausea ; Psychophysiologic Disorders

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of non ulcer dyspepsia remains unknown. But Several related factors have been investigated and psychologic factor is one of the possible mechanism. Alexithymia was introduced to explain the psychopathology of psychosomatic disorder. Until now alexithymia has been variously shown to be associated with many psychosomatic disorder, psychiatric disorder, even medical patients. This study is designed to investigate whether non ulcer dyspepsia has more relationship with alexithymia than other illness. METHODS: To compare alexithymia tendency between non ulcer dyspepsia and general medical patients, we collected sample from January to September 1999. Each group of 72 patients were tested using Toronto Alexithymia Scale. RESULTS: A rate of 37.5% of alexithymia was found in the non ulcer dyspepsia group compared with significant lower rate of 19.4% in the general medical patients group. CONCLUSION: Non ulcer dyspepsia patients had more alexithymia compare to general medical patients. This finding shows the alexithymia could be part of the pathophysiology of non ulcer dyspepsia.
Affective Symptoms* ; Dyspepsia* ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Psychopathology ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Ulcer*

As mental stress has a great impact on the symptoms of atopic dermatitis, we administered Qi-related prescriptions to 6 patients with atopic dermatitis. Not only were mental and autonomic imbalances, but also skin conditions were improved in all six. We examined changes in palmoplantar sweating and a self-rating depression scale to evaluate the effectiveness of the Qi-related prescriptions. The Qi-related prescriptions were used in combination with standard treatments as follows : keishikaryukotsuboreito in Case 1, shigyakusan in Cases 2 and 3, yokukansankachimpihange and keishikaryukotsuboreito in Case 4, shigyakusan and keishikaryukotsuboreito in Case 5, and saikokeisikankyoto in Case 6. It appears to be important to treat Qi-disorders, along with skin disorders, in patients with atopic dermatitis.
Dermatitis, Atopic ; Qi ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Cases ; symptoms <1>

Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; therapy ; Yin-Yang

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 199 female adolescents ina female high school in Seoul. Data analysis was done with SAS for descriptive statistics and a PC-LISREL Program for Covariance structural analysis. RESULT: The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, thus it was modified by excluding 7 paths and adding free parameters to it. The modified model withthe paths showed a good fit to the empirical data(x2 =5.62, p=.69, GFI=.99, AGFI=.97, NFI=.99, NNFI=1.01, RMSR=.02, RMSEA=.00). Trait anger, state anger, and psychosocial problems were found to have a significant direct effect on psychosomatic symptoms. State anger, psychosocial problems, and learning behaviorswere found to have direct effects on depression of female adolescents. CONCLUSION: The derived modelis considered appropriate for explaining and predicting negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and is a suggested direction in nursing practice.
Adolescent ; *Adolescent Psychology ; *Anger ; Female ; Humans ; Learning Disorders/psychology ; Psychophysiologic Disorders/psychology

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal neuralgia and atypical facial pain are representative disease entities of chronic facial pain. Most patients of these disaeses could be accompanied with psychological, emotional problems as their pain become chronic. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether different types of chronic facial pain lead to alteration in personality disorder or they are associated with particular characteristics of personality disorders using Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI). METHODS: 40 patients of trigeminal neuralgia and 21 patients of atypical facial pain who had responded MMPI were enrolled in this study. Two groups were compared for age, sex, pain intensity (Visual analogue scale, VAS), duration of pain, MMPI scores and psychological impression from MMPI results. RESULTS: Pain intensity and chronicity were more severe and longer in trigeminal neuralgia group than atypical facial pain. However, some MMPI profiles such as hypochondriasis and hysteria were significantly elevated in atypical facial pain. Pain intensity and duration did not correlate with MMPI profiles in each group. Meaningful psychological impression from MMPI results which were interpreted by one psychologist were shown in 13 patients of trigeminal neuralgia (32.5%) and 14 patients of atypical facial pain (66.7%). Especially, psychosomatic disorder was most frequently found in atypical facial pain patients (47.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Atypical facial pain have more psychologic and emotional problems than trigeminal neuralgia, regardless of pain intensity and chronicity. Therefore, psychologic evaluation and treatment should be considered in atypical facial pain.
Chronic Pain ; Facial Pain* ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; Minnesota* ; MMPI* ; Personality Disorders ; Psychology ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Trigeminal Neuralgia*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop the stress response inventory (SRI) which includes emotional, somatic, cognitive, and behavioral stress responses, and then to use the scale in clinical pracitice. METHODS: First, a preliminary survey was conducted for 109 healthy adults to obtain 70 response items. Second, a preliminary questionnaire was completed by 215 healthy subjects. Third, a comparison was made regarding stress responses among 242 patients (71 with anxiety disorder, 73 with depressive disorder, 47 with somatoform disorder, and 51 with psychosomatic disorder) and 215 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Factor analysis yielded 7 subscales: tension, aggression, somatization, anger, depression, fatigue and frustration. Reliability was computed by administering the SRI to 62 healthy subjects during a 2-week interval. Test-retest reliability for 7 subscales and the total score was significantly high, ranging between 0.69-.96. Internal consistency was computed, and Cronbach's alpha for 7 subscales ranged between .76-.91 and .97 for the total score. Concurrent validity was computed by correlating the 7 subscales and the total score with the total score of the global assessment of recent stress (GARS) scale, the perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ), and the symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R). The correlations were all at significant levels. Discriminant validity was computed by comparing the total score and the 7 subscale scores of the patient and control groups. Significant differences were found for 6 subscales and the total score, with the exception being the aggression subscale. The depressive disorder group was highest in total scores of SRI among 4 patient groups, and showed a significant higher scores in total scores of SRI than each of anxiety disorder and psychosomatic disorder groups. In total scores of SRI, female subjects were significantly higher than male ones, and subjects with lower income were significantly higher than those with higher income. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the SRI is highly reliable and valid, and that it can be utilized as an effective measure of stress for research in stress-related fields. It is suggested that depressive disorder group is more susceptible to stress than any other patient groups.
Adult ; Aggression ; Anger ; Anxiety Disorders ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Fatigue ; Female ; Frustration ; Humans ; Male ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Somatoform Disorders

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia consists of motor abnormality, sensory abnormality, and psychologic abnormality. Anxiety, depression, and psychosomatic disorders are well known psychopathologies that lead to dyspepsia, and stress seems to be an additional etiology. The aim of this study is to assess whether stress can cause and/or provoke dyspepsia. METHODS: Functional dyspepsia was defined and classified by Rome criteria. SCL-90-R for the detection of psychopathology, measurement of life stress scale by self-administered questionnaire, and measurement of stress coping mechanisms using a multidimensional stress coping scale test were performed in 79 functional dyspeptic patients and 25 normal controls. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the total amount of stress between functional dyspeptic patients and the normal control. However, the patients were more stressful about issues relating to health and marital relationship among stresses in individual daily life. As the patients become more stressful, they used more negative coping mechanisms such as restraint, fatalism, criticism, religiousness, and negativism. These seem to provoke several psychopathologies including interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility. However, there was no relationship in the amount of stress, the stress coping mechanism, and psychopathology among the dyspeptic symptoms and subgroups of functional dyspepsia. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the total amount of stress between functional dyspeptic patients and the normal control. In some individuals who utilize inadequate coping mechanisms against stress, the stress can provoke dyspepsia.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Dyspepsia* ; Hostility ; Humans ; Marriage ; Negativism ; Psychopathology ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires