The extracellular proteins bound with the membrane through the sites of glucosyl-phosphat idylinositol (GPI) to generate the complexes of protein with GPI. The GPIs have concentrated structure to generate glycolipid rich sites in the membrane. These sites have inert property with detergent. The GPI bound extracellular proteins can transmit the sign to cells. This sign is the same as this transmitted from receptor MD. The exist of structure GPI may be an example of the concentration of many suitable molecules which intact mutually to implement optimal a function. These GPI related with the costimulation phenomena and their play likes as a synapse MD
Membranes ; Proteins

This paper introduced primarily about synthesis, degeneration and arrange of heparin in cell, Interaction between heparin and protein and the current main study way in this sector.
Heparin ; Proteins

Background: Creatine transporter (CRTR) deficiency is the most common creatine deficiency syndrome, of which the final diagnosis relies on mutation in the X-linked CRTR gene. To date, more than 90 mutations in the SLC6A8 gene have been reported. This paper discusses a novel mutation detected via the thorough sequencing of all the X-chromosome-specific exons investigated in a four and a half year old boy with an intellectual disability, speech and language delay and motor disturbance. Methods: A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were carried out, the creatine and creatinine concentrations in the urine were checked and all exons were sequenced. Results: A detailed clinical investigation revealed a reduction in the cerebral creatine levels in the brain by the MRS, elevated creatine and creatinine concentrations in the urine and signal abnormalities in the left frontal cortex of the brain by the MRI. A novel change was identified in the heterozygosity of the exon 10: c.1395-c.1401 deletion. Conclusion: The use of a combination of powerful new technologies, such as thorough exome-nextgeneration sequencing and a brain MRS, should be considered, in order to determine any neurometabolic diseases, especially when the signal abnormalities in the brain MRI cannot be explained by any other factors. This mutation results most likely in a dysfunction of the creatine transport and synthesis, hence causing central nervous system symptoms.
Carrier Proteins

Introduction: Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is prepared within 8-10 hours after collection to ensure preservation of coagulation factors however, adherence to this time is a challenge. Extended processing time is an option to overcome it. This study was done to evaluate haemostatic proteins after extended time. Methods: Blood collected from a mobile donation centre was divided into three (3) groups before processed into plasma. Group 1 (n=42) was prepared within 8 hours post collection. Group 2 (n=42) was prepared after overnight and stored at room temperature. Group 3 (n=42) was prepared after overnight but stored at 2-6⁰C. Plasma haemostatic proteins were measured in all groups and mean activity of each level was compared using One-way ANOVA. Results: There was no reduction in all the haemostatic proteins in plasma prepared from overnight storage (Groups 2 and 3) compared to Group 1 except for Factors VIII and V whilst PT was not significantly prolonged. aPTT was significantly prolonged in both Groups 2 and 3 compared to Group 1. There were 25.7% and 35.2% reduction of Factor VIII levels in Groups 2 and 3 respectively, however levels were above 60%. There is 8.7% reduction in Factor V level but the mean factor activity was above 90%. Comparing Groups 2 and 3, there was no significant difference in activity of all haemostatic proteins. Conclusions: Haemostatic proteins are preserved in plasma prepared from blood stored overnight. Prolongation of the APTT is reflected by reduction in Factor VIII activity but still within the normal reference range.
Haemostatic proteins

The paraneoplastic neurologic diseases (PNDs) are brain degenerations that develop in the setting of clinically inapparent cancers. PNDs arise when common cancers express brain proteins, triggering an anti-tumor immune response and tumor immunity. Research on these brain-cancer proteins has revealed a new world of neuron-specific RNA binding proteins whose functions may be aberrantly used by tumor cells. Efforts to gain insight into their function has led to the development of new methods and strategies to understand RNA protein regulation in living tissues.
Brain ; Proteins ; RNA ; RNA-Binding Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are key intracellular coordinators that receive signals from cells through activation of cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The details of their atomic interactions and structural mechanisms have been described by many biochemical and biophysical studies. Specifically, a framework for understanding conformational changes in the receptor upon ligand binding and associated G protein activation was provided by description of the crystal structure of the β2-adrenoceptor-Gs complex in 2011. This review focused on recent findings in the conformational dynamics of G proteins and GPCRs during activation processes.
GTP-Binding Proteins* ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins

At least three major antigenic dengue 2 virus proteins were recognized by pooled dengue fever patients' sera in infected Aedes albopictus (C6/36) mosquito cells. Dengue virus envelope (E), premembrane (PrM) and non-structural protein 1 (NS 1) dimer were detected beginning on day 3 postinfection in both the cell membrane and cytosolic fractions. Using the patients' sera, the presence of antigenic intermediate core protein (C)-PrM and NS1-non-structural protein 2a (NS2a) in the cytoplasmic fraction of dengue 2 virus infected cells was revealed. The presence of a approximately 92 and approximately 84 kDa NS 1 dimer in the membrane (NS 1m) and cytosolic (NS 1c) fractions of C6/36 cells, respectively, was also recognized. Using individual patient's serum, it was further confirmed that all patients' sera contained antibodies that specifically recognized E, NS 1 and PrM present in the dengue 2 virus-infected cell membrane fractions, suggesting that these glycosylated virus proteins were the main antigenic proteins recognized in vivo. Detection of dengue 2 virus C antibody in some patients further suggested that C could be antigenic if presented in vivo.
Dengue ; seconds ; Viral Proteins ; Proteins ; Carbon ion

Cell Cycle Proteins ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Complement System Proteins*

No abstract available.
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins*