Objective　To determine whether interleukin-1α and 1β gene polymorphism is associated with rheumatoid arthritis disease activity and bone mineral metabolism,and whether there is any relationship between IL-1β and RA motif gene.Methods　IL-1 gene polymorphisms were analyzed in 65 RA patients who satisfied ACR criteria and 60 controls.The 2 polymorphisms in each gene for IL-1α－889 and IL-1β＋3953 were typed by PCR-RFLP and HLA-DRB1 allele typing was also undertaken by PCR-SSOP.Fisher′s test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.Results　There was no significant difference in the frequency and carriage rate of IL-1α polymorphisms between RA patients and controls.The β 2/2 genotype of IL-1β was more common in female RA patients compared with controls.A higher carriage rate of IL-1β 1 and low carriage rate of IL-1β 2 occurred in male RA patients.An increased IL-1β 2 carriage was associated with active rheumatoid disease as indicated by a higher CRP,ESR and pain score and a higher BMD,lower vit-D3 and Udpd/Crea level.A higher frequency of IL-1α 1 was associated with a lower CRP value and higher RF and SJC.A higher carriage rate of IL-1α 2 was associated with a higher ESR,HAQ score and vit-D3，but conversely a lower SJC,RF and BMD.The presence of the HLA DRB1 RA motif and IL-1β allele 2 at same time was not effective to clinical and laboratory parameters of RA.Conclusion　It is demonstrated that polymorphisms of the IL-1 gene may influence the occurrence of RA.Carriage of IL-1β 2 polymorphisms is associated with more active disease and higher BMD IN RA.The presence of the HLA DRB1 RA motif and IL-1β allele 2 at same time does not contribute to disease activity.