No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Premedication*

No abstract available.
Bronchoscopy* ; Humans ; Outpatients* ; Premedication*

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) and Ketamine (Ket) administered via the intranasal (IN) route on sedation of children aged 0 to 12 years old prior to elective surgery or procedural sedation as compared to Intranasal Dexmedetomidine. Methods: Relevant studies were identified after a literature search on electronic databases as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Meta-analyses of mean differences were performed to examine differences in sedation onset and recovery times between IN Dex-Ket and IN Dex. Meta-analyses of proportions were performed to estimate the incidence of sedation success, satisfactory sedation at parental separation and mask induction, and incidence of adverse events. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Six articles (388 patients) were included. The overall incidence of sedation success was higher among children premedicated with IN Dex-Ket (RR = 1.05; 95%CI = 0.97,1.13; P = 0.27, I2 = 20%) however was not statistically significant. Children given IN Dex-Ket had faster sedation onset time (WMD = -7.17; 95%CI = -12.44, -1.89; P=0.008) with greater incidence of satisfactory sedation at mask induction (RR = 0.71; 95%CI = 0.53, 0.94; P = 0.02). There was no significant difference as to recovery time and incidence of adverse events among the groups. Conclusion Premedication with IN Dex-Ket is as safe as IN Dex but of better efficacy as evidenced by faster sedation onset time and smoother inhalational induction without increasing clinically relevant adverse events.
Dexmedetomidine ; Ketamine ; Premedication

There have been many reports stating that halperidol premedication has been used for sefative and antiemetic effects. Therefore we utilized haloperidol as a premedicant for the purpose of obtaining the above effects. Over a period of one year from march 1978 to February 1979, 0.1mg haloperidol per kilogram of body weight was given to 747 patients. The results were as follows. 1)The extrapyramidal symptioms appeared in children, especially in the 10-year old group. 2) Large doses of haloperidol were more likely to cause to extrapyramidal symptoms than smaller doses(over 0.1mg/kg) 3)The effects of haloperidol lasted for a considerable duration of time after administration, (about 24-48 hous).
Antiemetics ; Body Weight ; Child ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Premedication*

To identify the changes in professional services pattern after introducing the deligated system of claims review started in 1982, a university hospital under this system was examined. For comparison, claims of the hospital to Federation of Korean Medical Insurance Societies, where this system is not accepted, were reviewed. A total of 600 cases each were studied operated at the Departments of General Surgery & Orthopedic Surgery in 1981 and 1983. The results are summarized as follow: 1. Percentages of hospital changes for basic care was decreased by 10.2% and that for medical service increased by 8.4% in 1983. 2. After the introduction of the deligated review system, percentages of cutting off the claims was decreased by 12.4% for basic care and increased by 3.8% for medical services. 3. Percentage of testing liver function, and the frequency of administering high cost intravenous fluid injection, applicating Robinul as anesthetic premedication were decreased respectively after introducting the deligated services system.
Insurance ; Insurance Claim Review ; Liver ; Orthopedics ; Premedication

BACKGROUND: A majority of patients undergoing chemical peeling complain of pain severe enough to disturb the process of the peeling. However, there has been few controlled studies on pain control during chemical peeling. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of pretreatment with intramuscular ketorolac (Tarasyn, 30 mg) and oral diazepam(Valium, 5 mg) in comparison with control and diazepam groups, and compared the sensitivity of pain between two sexes. METHODS: The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups; control, diazepam, and ketorolac plus diazepam groups. Pain intensity was assessed 5 times at every ten minutes from the beginning of the peeling using visual analog scale(VAS). RESULTS: At every 10 minutes of pain assessment, ketorolac plus diazepam group recorded the lowest VAS among the three groups. Except at the first 10 minutes, nificant. There was no significant difference in the pain intensity between the sexes at all five times. After application of Jessner`s solution, there was significant increase of VAS in all groups. CONCLUSION: The ketorolac pretreatment is a safe and effective modality of pain relief prior to chemical peeling without the adverse reactions.
Diazepam ; Humans ; Ketorolac* ; Pain Measurement ; Premedication*

With with use of Tono-pen, we investigated the degree of reduction in intraocular pressure of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer(HIPR) with preoperative use of dichlorphenamide and mannitol or without. Seventy five patients scheduled for cataract surgery were divided into 4 groups by preoperative medication. Intraocular pressure was measured before preoperative medication and in process of time after external compression with the Honan intraocular pressure reducer(HIPR) following retrobulbar injection. There was no additive effect on the reduction of intraocular pressure with the preoperative use of dichlorphenamide and mannitol. A rapid initial reduction in intraocular presure over the first 5 minutes of compression was followed by a more gradual reduction from 5 to 20 minutes. We concluded that the compression of up to 20 minutes duration without the preoperative use of dichlorphenamide and mannitol is adequate.
Cataract* ; Dichlorphenamide ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Mannitol ; Premedication*

BACKGROUND: The addition of remifentanil during the propofol induced anesthesia facilitates the insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) with minimal adverse hemodynamic disturbances. This study predicted the optimal effect-site concentration of remifentanil for LMA insertion with propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI). METHODS: In 25 adults patients, aged 18-60 years, anesthesia was induced with propofol TCI at the effect-site concentration of 4microgram/ml. Two minutes later, the predetermined effect-site concentration of remifentanil was started. The remifentanil concentration was determined using modified Dixon's up-and-down method (0.5 ng/ml as a step size). The first patient was tested at 2.0 ng/ml remifentanil. The insertion of LMA was attempted 3 min after remifentanil TCI began. The response of the patients to the insertion of LMA was classified as either 'movement' or 'no movement'. RESULTS: The remifentanil concentration at which there was a 50% probability of successful LMA insertion (EC50) was 3.18 +/- 0.53 ng/ml. From probit analysis, the EC50 of remifentanil was 3.10 ng/ml (95% confidence limits, 2.55-4.11 ng/ml), and the EC95 was 4.31 ng/ml (95% confidence limits, 3.64-11.11 ng/ml). CONCLUSIONS: The predicted effect-site concentration of remifentanil for facilitating LMA insertion was 3.18 ng/ml in 50% of adults during propofol TCI at an effect-site concentration of 4microgram/ml without premedication.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Premedication ; Propofol*

Hydroxyzine hydrochloride, a minor tranquilizer and a ataratic, was tested clinically for effectiveness as a premedicant separate dosages of 1 and 2 mg/kg. Each 30 patients were in the physical status class 1 and 2 by A.S.A. classification, and the age distribution was from 20 to 60 years. The following results were obtained. 1) Emotionally calm response was seen in 70% in the hydroxyzine 1 mg/kg (group 1), and in 93.3%, in the 2 mg/kg (group 2). 2) Mental alertness was seen in 86. 6% in group 1, and in 66. 6% in group 2. 3) Complications after premedication were chilling and shivering, hypertension, nausea, and headache, and were not serious. Therefore this premedication was satisfactory in most cases, especially in group 2.
Age Distribution ; Classification ; Headache ; Humans ; Hydroxyzine* ; Hypertension ; Nausea ; Premedication ; Shivering

It has recently been reported that chemical evaluations of a new benzodiazepine derivative, flunitrazepam (Ro 5-4200) revealed promising effects as premedicant. We studied on effects of premedication by double blind technique comparing flunitrazepam (Ro 5-4200) 0.03mg/kg I.M. and meperidine HCI 1mg/kg I.M. in 300 cases of preoperative patient by random selection. The questionaire on drowsiness, sleepiness and awareness during transport to the operation theatre, as well as nausea and vomiting were checked by anesthetists who were ignorant of the given premedicant. Following results were obtained; 1) Flunitrazepam has excellent calming effects in preanesthetic period, inducing drowsiness and adequate rest. 2) Flunitrazepam produces good sleep the night before operation. 3) Flunitrazepam has lower incidence of nausea and vomiting than that cf meperidine HCI.
Benzodiazepines ; Flunitrazepam* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Meperidine* ; Nausea ; Premedication ; Sleep Stages ; Vomiting