1.The Need for Developing Technology-Enabled, Safe, and Ethical Workforce for Healthcare Delivery
Suptendra N. SARBADHIKARI ; Keerti B. PRADHAN
Safety and Health at Work 2020;11(4):533-536
Strengthening of the health system is a safety imperative, especially in a crisis as caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. While there is a need for enhancing the number and skill sets of the public health professionals, especially the frontline workers, it will be prudent to use the digital health technologies, including artificial intelligence, in enhancing the capacity of the healthcare professional education and delivery. However, it has to be ensured that an ethical and safe approach is adopted to develop and use digital health technology and, ethically appropriate training is imparted, to enhance the capacity of the human resources for health, leading to an overall health system strengthening.
2.The Need for Developing Technology-Enabled, Safe, and Ethical Workforce for Healthcare Delivery
Suptendra N. SARBADHIKARI ; Keerti B. PRADHAN
Safety and Health at Work 2020;11(4):533-536
Strengthening of the health system is a safety imperative, especially in a crisis as caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. While there is a need for enhancing the number and skill sets of the public health professionals, especially the frontline workers, it will be prudent to use the digital health technologies, including artificial intelligence, in enhancing the capacity of the healthcare professional education and delivery. However, it has to be ensured that an ethical and safe approach is adopted to develop and use digital health technology and, ethically appropriate training is imparted, to enhance the capacity of the human resources for health, leading to an overall health system strengthening.
3.Role of random biopsies in surveillance of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis patients with high risk of colorectal cancer.
Sawan BOPANNA ; Maitreyee ROY ; Prasenjit DAS ; S DATTAGUPTA ; V SREENIVAS ; V Pratap MOULI ; Saurabh KEDIA ; Rajan DHINGRA ; Rajesh PRADHAN ; N Suraj KUMAR ; Dawesh P YADAV ; Govind MAKHARIA ; Vineet AHUJA
Intestinal Research 2016;14(3):264-269
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent data suggest that the incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) related colorectal cancer (CRC) in India is similar to that of West. The optimum method for surveillance is still a debate. Surveillance with random biopsies has been the standard of care, but is a tedious process. We therefore undertook this study to assess the yield of random biopsy in dysplasia surveillance. METHODS: Between March 2014 and July 2015, patients of UC attending the Inflammatory Bowel Disease clinic at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences with high risk factors for CRC like duration of disease >15 years and pancolitis, family history of CRC, primary sclerosing cholangitis underwent surveillance colonoscopy for dysplasia. Four quadrant random biopsies at 10 cm intervals were taken (33 biopsies). Two pathologists examined specimens for dysplasia, and the yield of dysplasia was calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were included. Twenty-six of these had pancolitis with a duration of disease greater than 15 years, and two patients had associated primary sclerosing cholangis. No patient had a family history of CRC. The mean age at onset of disease was 28.89±8.73 years and the duration of disease was 19.00±8.78 years. Eighteen patients (64.28%) were males. A total of 924 biopsies were taken. None of the biopsies revealed any evidence of dysplasia, and 7/924 (0.7%) were indefinite for dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Random biopsy for surveillance in longstanding extensive colitis has a low yield for dysplasia and does not suffice for screening. Newer techniques such as chromoendoscopy-guided biopsies need greater adoption.
Age of Onset
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Biopsy*
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Cholangitis, Sclerosing
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Colitis
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Colitis, Ulcerative*
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Colonoscopy
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Colorectal Neoplasms*
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Humans
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Incidence
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India
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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Male
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Mass Screening
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Methods
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Risk Factors
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Standard of Care
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Ulcer*
4.Perennial malaria transmission and its association with rainfall at Kalahandi district of Odisha, Eastern India: A retrospective analysis
Panda, B.B. ; Mohanty, I. ; Rath, A. ; Pradhan, N. ; Hazra, R.K.
Tropical Biomedicine 2019;36(3):610-619
India contributes substantially to global malaria incidents. Vector dynamics is the
significant determinant of malaria risk. Hence, knowledge on the interaction between rainfall,
malaria cases and malaria vector density can be very useful for controlling malaria transmission.
Kalahandi was screened for malaria cases, Anopheline vector density and their temporal
relationship with rainfall. Epidemiological data was obtained from National Vector Borne
Disease Control Programme, Odisha, India. Three years vector population study was carried
out. Rainfall data was obtained from a database maintained by the Govt. of Odisha and was
analysed using Univariate ANOVA and Pearson correlation co-efficient tests using R-prog.
Malaria was found to be prevalent throughout the year attaining peak between July to August
and another peak in December, amidst which the clinical malaria cases being recorded
implied highest incidents in the month of July. The results estimated the seasonality of the
population of An. culicifacies, An. fluviatilis and An. annularis over the region and determined
the influence of rainfall on the vector population dynamics. Simple linear regression analysis
suggested that at one month lag monthly rainfall (P=0.0007) was a significant meteorological
factor. Rainfall seemed to be one of the best malaria predictors because of its positive
correlation with proliferation of malaria cases in conjunction with An. culicifacies density
making malaria a serious health issue in Kalahandi.
5.A comparative study of prevalence and spatial distribution of major Anopheline vector fauna in a hyper- and a hypomalaria endemic district of Odisha, India with special reference to onset of first wet season
Pradhan, N. ; Rath, A. ; Mohanty, I. ; Panda, B.B. ; Hazra, R.K
Tropical Biomedicine 2019;36(1):209-223
The state’s retrospective findings indicate the incidence of malaria deaths, which
is more during the onset of first monsoon season. Based upon this fact, our objective was to
study the distribution pattern of major Anopheles vectors in two endemic districts viz. Kalahandi
and Cuttack of Odisha, India that differ significantly according to malariogenic stratification,
under the impact of first monsoon shower. A comparative study of vector abundance,
predominance, their habitats, resting site preference, impact of abiotic rhythm (light/dark
period) on vector distribution, gonotrophic status as well as sporozoite rate was established
in a high and a low endemic district of Odisha, when the degree of malaria transmission
elevates to its peak level Anopheles culicifacies was found to be predominant in hyperendemic
Kalahandi district while Anopheles subpictus was abundant in hypo-endemic Cuttack
district. Both primary vector An. culicifacies and the secondary vector An. subpictus mostly
prefer CS (Cattle shed) compared to HD (Human dwelling) in Kalahandi district where as
there was slight shifting of resting habitat of An. culicifacies from CS to HD in Cuttack
district. Anopheles culicifacies prefers to rest on wall besides objects in Kalahandi while no
such site preference was observed in Cuttack district. On the other hand, distribution of An.
subpictus was highly influenced by the daily rhythm of light/dark cycle (i.e. day and night) in
Cuttack. The gonotrophic condition revealed the high tendency of the predominant vectors
towards endophilic resting. The sporozoite rate was 0.66% in Kalahandi and nil in Cuttack
district. The proper monitoring of vector prevalence and distribution, at least during the peak
transmission period can avert a perpetuated upsurge in malaria.