The research studied on TB detection and result of pulmonic tuberculosis treatment at health centre of Hiep Duc district, Quang Nam province during 2000-2003 periods. The incidence rate of TB was 73.6/105/year and 66,6% AFB(+). Age, educational level and economic level are related to late examination of tuberculosis infected people. Results of treatment was recovery 48,5%, completed treatment 24,3%, discontinued treatment 1%, death 9,1% and ongoing with treatment 17,1%. Late detection and strong AFB(+) prolonged the treatment period. Late detection and spiting of blood at hospital increased the mortality rate.
Tuberculosis ; Plague, Health ; Diagnosis ; Therapeutics

China ; Communicable Disease Control ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Plague ; therapy ; Public Health ; history ; Quarantine

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to be identify the effects oral hygiene improvement of the elderly by caregiver in a rural. METHODS: It recruited Fifty three elderly patients were recruited who admitted at a long-term hospital located in Mokchon city, Chungchungnam-do province. as the intervention group. Fifty two elderly patients group were selected another one long-term care hospital in Daegu city as control group. study was conducted for seven months. long-term care hospital. for seven months from Dec. 2007 to June 2008. For three months, the caregivers provide tooth brushing and cleaning artificial teeth once a day, to intervention group. once a day for three months. RESULTS: Before the program there was no significant difference between the control and the intervention groups in general characteristics, prevalence rates of diseases, oral sanitary condition. Dental plague score was decreased significantly (p<0.001) before and after intervention in the intervention group. Using analysis of covariance for evaluation of the effect of the intervention, a significant difference was observed between the intervention group and the control group (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results were thought to be used as important basic data to develop oral health management program for elderly patients who needed long-term care.
Aged ; Caregivers ; Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Plague ; Prevalence ; Tooth ; Tooth, Artificial

OBJECTIVES: Plague remains a public health concern worldwide, particularly in old foci. Multiple epidemics of this disease have been recorded throughout the history of Iran. Despite the long-standing history of human plague in Iran, it remains difficult to obtain an accurate overview of the history and current status of plague in Iran. METHODS: In this review, available data and reports on cases and outbreaks of human plague in the past and present in Iran and in neighboring countries were collected, and information was compiled regarding when, where, and how many cases occurred. RESULTS: This paper considers the history of plague in Persia (the predecessor of today’s Iran) and has a brief review of plague in countries in the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region, including a range of countries in the Middle East and North Africa. CONCLUSIONS: Since Iran has experienced outbreaks of plague for several centuries, neighboring countries have reported the disease in recent years, the disease can be silent for decades, and the circulation of Yersinia pestis has been reported among rodents and dogs in western Iran, more attention should be paid to disease monitoring in areas with previously reported human cases and in high-risk regions with previous epizootic and enzootic activity.
Africa, Northern ; Animals ; Disease Outbreaks ; Dogs ; History of Medicine ; Humans ; Iran* ; Mediterranean Region ; Middle East ; Persia ; Plague* ; Public Health ; Rodentia ; World Health Organization ; Yersinia pestis

Bacteriology ; history ; Community Health Services ; history ; Eponyms ; France ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Philately ; Plague ; history ; Switzerland ; Vietnam ; Yersinia pestis

OBJECTIVETo study an epidemic of human lung plague fulminant from September to October, 2004 in Nangqian county, Qinghai province.

METHODSCases were diagnosed through data from epidemiological, clinical, bacteriological, serological and autopsy studies.

RESULTS14 patients were identified, ending up with 6 deaths and 8 cured. The first case was diagnosed as primary pesticemia late progressed to lung plague. 4 cases were transformed from pesticemia out of 13, leaving the 9 cases as primary lung plague. Situation was under complete control through routinely handling the plague focus.

CONCLUSIONThe first case was bitten by the infected fleas which parasitized the marmota preyed on a dog but later these fleas were brought into the tent by the dog. The others cases were infected through droplets or dust. Programs on monitoring and controling the amount of marmotas and fleas should to be strengthened to prevent the epidemics of plague in the area.

Adult ; Animals ; Biopsy ; Cattle ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Dogs ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plague ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; transmission

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Male ; Plague ; epidemiology ; history ; prevention & control ; Portraits as Topic ; Public Health ; history

BACKGROUND: Good oral health is important for systemic body health and quality of life. Spray oral cleansers are increasingly preferred because of their convenience of carrying and the ease of oral hygiene management. In addition, many kinds of oral cleanser products containing various ingredients with antibacterial, washing, and moisturizing effects are being manufactured. However, concerns about the safety and side effects of oral sprays are increasing, and there is very little information regarding the use and care of oral sprays is available to consumers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral spray on oral bacteria and tissue to elucidate the factors that need to be considered when using oral sprays. METHODS: The effects of oral spray on the growth of dental plaque bacteria was assessed using disk diffusion assays. Cytotoxicity and morphological changes in oral epithelial cells were observed by microscopy. The effects of oral spray on dental plaque growth were also confirmed on specimens from permanent incisors of bovines by Coomassie staining. RESULTS: The pH of spray products, such as Perioe Dental Cooling, Cool Sense, and Dentrix, were 3.65, 3.61, and 6.15, respectively. All tested spray products showed strong toxicity to dental plaque bacteria and oral epithelial cells. Compared with those on the control, dental plaque bacteria deposits on the enamel surface increased following the use of oral spray. CONCLUSION: Three types of oral spray, namely Perioe Dental Cooling, Cool Sense, and Dentrix, strongly inhibited the growth of dental plaque bacteria and oral epithelial cells. The oral spray ingredient enhanced dental plaque growth on the enamel surface. Users should be informed of precautions when using oral sprays and the need for oral hygiene after its use.
Bacteria ; Dental Enamel ; Dental Plaque ; Diffusion ; Epithelial Cells ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Incisor ; Microscopy ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Oral Sprays ; Plague ; Quality of Life