Objective To estimate the status of secondhand smoking (SHS) among restaurant workers in Shanghai and explore its impact on health. Methods A random sample of 242 workers from 33 restaurants was selected to participate in the face to face interview. Results There were 90.7% restaurant workers suffered SHS during working with mean exposed time of 23.9?18.6 hours per week. The exposure time each week was positively associated with the symptom of dyspnea and irritated eyes, and the odds ratios were 1.03 (95%CI: 1.01~1.06) and 1.02 (95%CI: 1.01~1.03), respectively. There were 70.7% surveyed participants supported the concept of smoke-free restaurants. Conclusion The restaurant workers in Shanghai suffered from SHS seriously which result in impairment of respiratory system.

AIM:To investigate the effects of nodosin extracted from Chinese traditional medicine on the pro-liferation of HepG2 cells cultured in vitro and to detect the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in HepG2 cells.METH-ODS:HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L) of nodosin for 24 h. The morphological changes of HepG2 cells were observed under inverted microscope.The inhibitory rates of HepG2 cell growth were detected by MTT assay.The apoptotic rates and the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:Shrunken and suspended HepG2 cells increased with the increases in the concentrations of nodo-sin.The apoptotic rates and the expression of Bax increased with the increases in the doses of nodosin, while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased.CONCLUSION:Nodosin inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.The inhibi-tion of HepG2 cell growth is induced by decreasing Bcl-2 and increasing Bax, thus promoting cell apoptosis.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of metabolic disorder and the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis.Methods Four hundred and fifty-five patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis were included in the study and divided into hepatitis B related cirrhosis group (LCB group,351 cases) and hepatitis C related cirrhosis group (LCC group,104cases).The prevalence of metabolic disorder was recorded and the characteristics of posthepatitic cirrhosis with MS and without MS were compared and analysed.Results The prevalence of hyperglycemia,hypertension,hyperlipemia,obesity and MS in the posthepatitic cirrhosis patients was 46.59% (212/455),15.16% (69/455),15.38% (70/455),22.64% ( 103/455),12.53% (57/455) respectively.The prevalence of MS in LCB and LCC was 8.26% (29/351) and 26.92% (28/104).The levels of body mass index (BMI),fasting blood glucose,hypertension,cholesterol,aminotransferase (ALT) in LCB with MS patients were significantly higher than those in LCB without MS patients.There were no differences in the levels of HBeAg and HBV DNA between LCB with MS patients and LCB without MS patients.The levels of BMI,hypertension,triglyceride in LCC with MS patients were significantly higher than those in LCC without MS patients.There were no differences in fasting blood glucose,cholesterol and ALT between LCC with MS patients and LCC without MS patients.Logistic regression revealed that BMI was the independent factor in LCB and LCC with MS.Conclusions The prevalence of hyperglycemia and obesity are higher in LCB and LCC.The incidence rate of MS in LCB is less than that in the general population,while the incidence rate of MS in LCC is significantly higher than that in the general population,and it's nothing to do with the viral replication.BMI is an important factor affected in posthepatitic cirrhosis with MS.

Objective: To evaluate the comprehensive workplace health promotion intervention effects on workplace health promotion in 10 government agencies. Methods: A prospective self-controlled design was employed. Baseline evaluation and effectiveness evaluation were both conducted by questionnaire investigation. Results: The intervention results showed that most effectiveness indicators were significantly improved including health behaviors, psychosocial work environment, and health status. After the intervention, the prevalence of passive smoking and physical inactivity decreased from 70.3% and 38.7% to 44.1% and 30.5%, respectively. The scores of job control and social support at work increased by 0.30 and 0.05, respectively. The prevalence of good self-rated health and good mental health raised from 68.3% and 68.8% to 75.6% and 85.6%, respectively. However, the scores of job demand increased by 0.4. Furthermore, the prevalence of occupational stress increased significantly from 45.8% to 65.5%. Conclusion After implementing workplace health promotion, the physical and mental health of the staff have been promoted. However, the occupational stress of government officials still need to be improved.

Objective To investigate the regulation of interferon α-1b (IFNα-1b) on protein kinase Cε(PKCε) and protein kinase Cα(PKCα) which inhibit the fibrosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) ,and to explore its mechanism .Methods HSC-T6 cells were treated with different levels of IFNα-1b (100 , 200 ,400 ,800 and 1000 U/mL) and the proliferation of HSC-T6 cells was analyzed by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay .Changes of hydroxyproline level were analyzed .The expressions of PKCεand PKCαwere detected by immunofluorescence staining . PKCε, PKCα,β-catenin and Survivin mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR . PKCε, PKCα,β-catenin and Survivin protein levels were detected by Western blot . Variance analysis was conducted by using one-way ANOVA approach . Results The inhibition rates of 100 , 200 , 400 , 800 and 1000 U/mL IFNα-1b treatment after 24 hours of administration were (15 .85 ± 1 .05)％ ,(36 .59 ± 1 .03)％ ,(45 .12 ± 1 .05)％ ,(50 .00 ± 1 .01)％ and (62 .20 ± 1 .02)％ ,respectively ,with statistically significant differences among groups (F=27 .478 , P<0 .01) .The 48h inhibition rates were (20 .87 ± 1 .09)％ ,(43 .96 ± 1 .08)％ ,(53 .85 ± 1 .08)％ ,(64 .84 ± 1 .06)％ and (74 .72 ± 1 .07)％ ,respectively ,with statistically significant differences among groups (F=25 .321 , P< 0 .01 ) . half maximal inhibitory concentration at 48 h was 343 .47 U/mL . The levels of hydroxyproline in 100 ,200 and 400 U/mL IFNα-1b groups were (7 .48 ± 0 .28) ,(6 .26 ± 0 .17) and (3 .86 ± 0 .20) μg/mL ,respectively ,which were lower than that in control group (8 .47 ± 0 .32) μg/mL .The differences were all statistically significant (t=4 .033 ,10 .564 and 21 .160 ,respective ,all P<0 .05) .The fluorescence intensities of PKCεin 100 ,200 and 400 U/mL IFNα-1b groups were all lower than that of control group .The differences were statistically significant (t=1 .984 ,2 .457 and 7 .771 ,respectively ,all P<0 .05) .The fluorescence intensities of PKCαwere also significantly lower than that of control group (t=9 .232 ,15 .921 and 22 .222 ,respectively ,all P< 0 .01) .With the increase of IFNα-1b level ,the levels of HSC-T6 PKCε,PKCα,β-catenin and survivin were significantly lower than those of control group (t=7 .020 ,24 .562 ,45 .701 and 14 .241 ,respectively ,all P<0 .01) .With the increase of IFNα-1b ,the levels of HSC-T6 PKCε,PKCα,β-catenin and survivin were significantly lower than those of control group (t=9 .564 ,4 .409 ,10 .036 and 6 .794 ,respectively ,all P<0 .01) .Conclusions IFNα-1b can down-regulate the expression of collagen in hepatic stellate cells in a dose-dependent manner ,reduce the expressions of PKCε,PKCα,β-catenin and Survivin ,and inhibit the proliferation of HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells .

Objective To analyze the rules and characteristics of cross-allergy cases related to drug-related medical disputes,and to provide reference for the formulation of cross-allergy prescription review strategy.Methods The judgments of cross-allergy related medical damage liability disputes recorded in the legal document database of Beijing Yingke Law Firm and the Chinese Judgment Document Network database from August 2010 to June 2023 were analyzed,the causes of relevant disputes were summarized and analyzed,and more comprehensive response measures were formulated.Results A total of 65 judgments were retrieved,and seven judgments were included.The main drugs causing cross allergy were antibiotics(penicillins,cephalosporins and sulfonamides).Seven cases of medical disputes,all of which were ruled by the court that the medical party had medical errors due to cross-allergies,and had to bear 30％to 80％of the compensation liability.The main reasons for the punishment were that the doctor did not pay enough attention to the patient's past history of allergy and chose unreasonable drugs.Conclusion Medical institutions can reduce the risk of cross-allergy by means of information technology,and play the role of pharmacists in prescription review and pharmaceutical care.Physicians should pay attention to the patient's past history,earnly inquire,strengthen medication education and monitoring,reduce the threat of adverse reactions to the patient's life safety and related drug disputes,and protect the legitimate rights and interests of both doctors and patients.

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have made COVID-19 convalescents susceptible to re-infection and have raised concern about the efficacy of inactivated vaccination in neutralization against emerging variants and antigen-specific B cell response. To this end, a study on a long-term cohort of 208 participants who have recovered from COVID-19 was conducted, and the participants were followed up at 3.3 (Visit 1), 9.2 (Visit 2), and 18.5 (Visit 3) months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. They were classified into three groups (no-vaccination (n = 54), one-dose (n = 62), and two-dose (n = 92) groups) on the basis of the administration of inactivated vaccination. The neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the wild-type virus continued to decrease in the no-vaccination group, but they rose significantly in the one-dose and two-dose groups, with the highest NAb titers being observed in the two-dose group at Visit 3. The NAb titers against the Delta variant for the no-vaccination, one-dose, and two-dose groups decreased by 3.3, 1.9, and 2.3 folds relative to the wild-type virus, respectively, and those against the Omicron variant decreased by 7.0, 4.0, and 3.8 folds, respectively. Similarly, the responses of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific B cells and memory B cells were boosted by the second vaccine dose. Results showed that the convalescents benefited from the administration of the inactivated vaccine (one or two doses), which enhanced neutralization against highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants and memory B cell responses. Two doses of inactivated vaccine among COVID-19 convalescents are therefore recommended for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccination guidelines and policies need to be updated.