1.Determination of 5 Hazardous Elements in Animal Traditional Chinese Medicines by ICP-MS
Chaohai LEI ; Zhijun ZHANG ; Pei LI ; Pingxiang JIANG
China Pharmacist 2017;20(8):1482-1485
Objective: To establish a method to determine 5 hazardous elements in animal traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Methods: HNO 3-H 2 O 2 was used to decompose animal TCM, the working parameters of ICP-MS were optimized, and the matrix effect and the mass spectrum interferences were corrected by the in-line addition of Ge, In and Bi internal standard solution and the collided reaction cell technology (KED mode), respectively.Results: The detection limits of 5 hazardous elements were within the range of 0.04-0.52 μg·L-1 , the relative standard deviations (RSD) were within the range of 1.1%-4.8% , and the recoveries were within the range of 92.4%-110.0%.The method was applied to determine the 5 hazardous elements in 40 batches of animal TCM.The results indicated that some kinds of hazardous elements in animal TCM were high, and more attention should be paid to the problems in the production and use of animal TCM.Conclusion: The analysis method is simple, rapid and accurate, and suitable for the determination of hazardous elements in animal TCM.
2.Regulating effects of Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in rats with functional dyspepsia
Bowen XING ; Simin QIN ; Lifen ZHAN ; Yunfang XIE ; Pingxiang WU ; Yu JIANG ; Haibing SHI ; Ke HE ; Weiai LIU ; Yanping YANG
Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science 2023;21(4):247-253
Objective:To investigate the effects and the possible mechanisms of Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD),thus to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of the Eight Confluent Points.Methods:Forty specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a blank group,a model group,an electroacupuncture(EA)group,and a Western medicine group by the random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the blank group did not receive modeling or intervention.Rats in the other three groups were subjected to the FD with mood disorder model using the compound etiology modeling method.After the successful modeling,rats in the model group did not receive any interventions,rats in the Western medicine group received deanxit and mosaprid intervention,and those in the EA group received EA intervention on the ipsilateral Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)for 21 d.The sugar-water consumption rate was measured before the experiment and before and after interventions to assess the emotional status.The gastric emptying rate was measured after interventions to assess the gastrointestinal dynamics.The expression levels of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),and adrenal corticosterone(CORT)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared with the blank group,the sugar-water consumption rate and the gastric emptying rate were decreased(P<0.01),and the hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH,and adrenal CORT expression levels were increased(P<0.01)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the sugar-water consumption rate and the gastric emptying rate were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the expression levels of hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH,and adrenal CORT were significantly decreased(P<0.01)in the EA group and the Western medicine group.The differences between the EA group and the Western medicine group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:The Eight Confluent Points Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)can improve the mood and gastrointestinal dynamics in FD rats,which may be achieved by down-regulating the hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH,and adrenal CORT,as well as by correcting the HPA axis hyperfunction.
3.Mechanism of Yiyuan Qiwei Pills in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus-induced Erectile Dysfunction
Ding WANG ; Shaofeng ZHANG ; Xue JIANG ; Xiang LYU ; Taiping ZHU ; Jiakun LIN
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2022;28(18):77-84
ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of Yiyuan Qiwei pills (YYQW) on diabetes mellitus-induced induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) in rats and explore its regulation on the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway. MethodFifty-five healthy SD male rats of clean grade aged 2-3 months underwent intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce the DMED model, and another 10 healthy SD male rats of clean grade aged 2-3 months were assigned to the control group. The model rats were randomly divided into a model group, a sildenafil group (5 mg·kg-1, ig), and low-, medium-, and high-dose YYQW groups (1.5, 3.0, 6.0 g·kg-1, ig). The rats in the model group and the control group were given normal saline by gavage at 10 mL·kg-1, once a day for two months. After intervention, the penile erectile function of rats in each group was measured by a pressure detection system. The pathological changes and ultrastructure of penile corpus cavernosum were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The level of NO in the corpus cavernosum was detected by nitrate reductase. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of cGMP and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), neurogenic nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), total nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and phosphodiesterase type5 (PDE5) in rat penile tissues. The expression of above proteins was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the control group, the model group showed decreased intracavernous pressure (ICP), NO, and cGMP levels, reduced mRNA and protein expression of nNOS and NOS, and increased PDE5 mRNA and protein expression (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the sildenafil group and the YYQW groups displayed increased ICP, NO, and cGMP levels, elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of nNOS and NOS, and reduced PDE5 mRNA and protein expression levels (P<0.05). There were no pathological changes in the tissues and cell ultrastructure of the corpus cavernosum in the control group, while serious pathological changes were observed in the model group. Additionally, the sildenafil group and the YYQW groups were superior to the model group, the optimal effect was observed in the high-dose YYQW group. ConclusionYYQW can improve the penile erectile function of DMED rats and reduce the pathological damage of corpus cavernosum. The mechanism may be related to the promotion of nNOS and NOS expression, the inhibition of PDE5 expression, and the activation of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway.
4.Comparative Analysis of Effect of Houpu Wenzhongtang Combined Decoction and Simple Decoction on Urine Metabonomics of Rats with Deficiency-cold of Spleen and Stomach
Jun YAN ; Si-fang WU ; Li LIU ; Hong-xia JIANG ; Ke-xuan QI ; Xiu-wen FENG ; Jian-qun LIU
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2020;26(20):117-123
Objective:To study the effect of combined decoction and single decoction of Houpu Wenzhongtang on rats with deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach from the perspective of metabonomics, to find out the relevant potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways, and to explore the similarities and differences between the combined decoction and single decoction, so as to provide reference for the feasibility analysis of replacing traditional decoction with single dispensing granule of this formula. Method:SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Houpu Wenzhongtang combined decoction group and simgle decoction group. Rats in the normal group were given distilled water by intragastric administration, rats in the other three groups were given cold vinegar at 4 ℃ in the morning and refined lard in the afternoon for 10 days (the dosage of 10 mL·kg-1). After the model was successfully established, rats in the combined decoction group and the single decoction group were given corresponding decoction with dosage of 1.8 g·kg-1 (according to the amount of crude drugs), once a day for 7 days. Ultra-high liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technique was used to analyze the small molecular endogenous metabolites in urine. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to compare the changes of differential metabolites among the normal group, model group, Houpu Wenzhongtang combined decoction group and single decoction group, and the differential metabolites were introduced into Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for metabolic pathway analysis. Result:Compared with the model group, the Houpu Wenzhongtang combined decoction group and single decoction group jointly regulated 13 potential biomarkers, including phosphatidylcholine(PC), lysophosphatidic acid(LysoPA) and cholic acid, etc. They played a role in treating deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach by influencing metabolic pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling system and so on. The combined decoction and single decoction of Houpu Wenzhongtang could obviously restore the body weight, motilin and gastrin contents of rats with deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach to normal levels. Conclusion:According to biochemical indexes, there is no obvious difference between combined decoction and single decoction of Houpu Wenzhongtang, but according to metabonomics, the combined decoction may be slightly better than the single decoction. The research shows that it is feasible to replace traditional decoction with single dispensing granule of Houpu Wenzhongtang in clinical application.