Objective:To determine the efficacy of losartan a specific angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist,in improving renal function among renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy(CAN).Methods:18 renal transplant recipients with CAN (group Ⅰ)were treated with losartan for at least one year.Another 23 patients with CAN (group Ⅱ) while not treated with losartan were used as control in the same period.Renal function,blood and urine TGF-? 1 concentration were compared between the two groups.Results:One year later,there were 12 patients (67.0%) with stabilized or improved graft function in group Ⅰ,and 4 patients (17.0%) in group Ⅱ.The difference was significant.Blood and urine TGF-? 1 concentration and renal function lost were lower m group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ.No side effects were noted in all patients in group Ⅰ.Conclusion:Losartan can improve renal fimction among renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy through reducing TGF-? 1 secretion in the kidney.

Objective:To determine the relation between transforming growth factor ? 1 (TGF-? 1)in allograft and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).Methods:Urine TGF-? 1 relative concentration(divided by urine creatinine) was tested in 181 recipients whose renal function were normal between August 1,2000 and June 31,2001.25 cases with higher urine TGF-? 1 relative concentrations were assigned to group A,other 25 cases with lower urine TGF-? 1 to group B.In both groups biopsies were carried out in 16 cases and 13 cases respectively.TGF-? 1 mRNA in the biopsis was tested by RT-PCR.Blood TGF-? 1 concentrations in the two groups were also tested.Three years later,the renal function was compared between the two groups.The correlation between expression of TGF-? 1mRNA and long-term renal function was determined.Biopsies were carried out in renal recipients whose creatinine was higher than normal.Results:Blood TGF-? 1 concentrations in the two groups were not significantly different,3 years after transplantation,there was more loss of renal function and larger number of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) cases in group A than group B.Expression of TGF-? 1mRNA in the allografts was found more in group A than in group B.The difference in the two groups was significant.There was a correlation between expression of TGF-? 1mRNA and long-term renal function.Conclusion:The findings suggest expression of TGF-? 1mRNA in the allografts is associated with chronic allograft nephropathy.The level of urine TGF-?_1 after renal transplantation can predict long-term renal function.

Objective To investigate the correlation between hemorrhage in transurethral resection of prostate ( TURP) and cystospasm and psychonosema of the patients with hyperplasia of prostate. Methods All clinic data of 322 patients with hyperplasia of prostate who have had TURP from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed. These patients were divided into four groups according to the volume of hemorrhage( H):H<400 mL, 400≤H<600 mL, 600≤H<800 mL, H≥800 mL. The quantity of cystospasm and psychonosema was measured by three catego-ries:no symptom, light symptom without treatment, severe symptom with treatment. The differences of the four groups were compared through statistical methods. Results The incidence rates of cystopasm and severity degree of psychonosema were increased with the raise of hemorrhage . Conclusion There is a positive correlation between the incidence rates of cystopasm and psychonosema and the volume of hem-orrhage in the patients with hyperplasia of prostate who have had TURP.

Objective To investigate the effect of multiple treatments on cystospasm after transurethral resection of prostate(TURP). Methods From 2006 to 2013, 663 patients who had received TURP for BPH were civided into 6 groups:2 were treated by kieselgel or lac-toprene urethral catheter,defined as catheter observe group. 2 were treated by warmed or ordinary temperature douche,defined as temperature observe group. 2 were treated by dicaine mixed or normal douche,defined as mixed douche observe group. The incidence rates and duration of cystospasm and visual analogue scores of pain were observed and the diversities were measured by statistics within each pair groups. Results The incidence rates and duration of cystospasm and visual analogue scores of pain of groups treated by kieselgel urethral catheter,warmed douche and dicaine mixed douche were obviously lower than the groups treated by lactoprene urethral catheter,ordinary temperature douche and normal douche. The kieselgel urethral catheter and warmed douche decreasing the irritation on mucous membrane of bladder,the dicaine decreasing the sensibility of bladder nerves may be the mechanism. Conclusion The incidence rates and duration of cystospasm and visual analogue scores of pain can be obviously decreased by treatments of kieselgel urethral catheter,warmed douche and dicaine mixed douche.

114 ?mol/L continuously) and loss of creatinine clearance (Ccr) were also compared among the 4 groups.For patients with renal dysfunction,the renal biopsies were used to determine whether they had CAN. Results Seventy-seven patients were followed up for 3 years,and their data were analyzed.There were 15 cases in Group A,32 in Group B,18 in Group C,and 12 in Group D.In Groups A,B and C,the expressions of TGF-? 1 protein in the allografts at 7 months after transplantation were (5.82?1.32)?10 6,(6.34? 1.47 )?10 6 and (6.58?1.44)?10 6,and the expressions of TGF-? 1 mRNA were 0.84?0.17,0.78? 0.15 and 0.82?0.16,respectively.In Group D the expressions of TGF-? 1 protein and mRNA were (10.47? 2.12 )?10 6 and 1.37?0.25,which were significantly greater than those in Groups A,B and C ( P

Objective To observe the protective effects of enalapril on the long-term functions of the allograft in renal transplant recipients. Methods Twenty renal transplant recipients with ~survival time over one year, normal renal functions of the allograft and urine TGF-?_1 levels being more than ~250.0 pg/mg.Cr took enalapril every day for at least one year. Twenty-three recipients under the same conditions who did not receive enalapril served as control group. Three years later renal ~dysfunction cases, loss of creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) and TGF-?_1 levels in blood and urine were compared between the two groups. The changes in the expression of TGF-?_1mRNA in renal biopsy specimens were compared before and one year after enalapril therapy. Side-effects of enalapril were ~investigated in all patients in enalapril-treated group. Results Three years later, the number of renal dysfunction cases was less, the loss of Ccr was less and the level of urine TGF-?_1 was lower in ~enalapril -reated group than those in control group with the differences being significant (P~0.05 ). One year after enalapril therapy TGF-?_1mRNA expression was significantly decreased in renal biopsy specimens (P

Objective To explore the relationship between urine TGF-? 1 concentration and long-term function of renal allograft. Methods From August 1, 1999 to December 30, 2000, the urinary content of TGF-? 1 was determined in 146 patients who had had renal transplantation one year ago but with normal renal function. The relative content of urine TGF-? 1 was 172.5～533.1pg/mg Cr. Forty patients each with higher or lower urine TGF-? 1 concentrations were selected to form group Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Two years later, renal function variables, blood and urine TGF-? 1 concentrations were compared between the two groups. The relation between urine TGF-? 1 and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN)was assessed. Biopsies of transplanted kidneys were carried out in recipients whose creatinine was higher than normal. Results Three years after transplantation, creatinine clearance rate was lowered by 12.8?10.6ml/min in group Ⅰ patients, and 29.6% of them were diagnosed as CAN. Compared with group Ⅱ, the lowering of creatinine clearance rate was more intense and the incidence of CAN was higher, with obviously higher urinary TGF-? 1 content. The differences were significant. Conclusions TGF-? 1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of CAN after renal transplantation, and urinary TGF-? 1 may be considered as an indicator in assessing long term renal function in such case.

Objective To investigate whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Methods 131 patients underwent kidney transplantation from August 1, 1999 to November 30, 2000 were enrolled in this study. CMV-pp65 antigen load (the number of CMV-pp65-positive leukocytes) in peripheral blood within 6 months of posttransplant was detected, and TGF-? 1 mRNA expression in renal allograft biopsy was measured at the 7th month after transplant. The renal functions of the patients were followed up at least three years. Results The TGF-? 1 mRNA level in allografts of the patients with long-time and high-level CMV-pp65 antigen load was obviously higher that that of the patients without. 3 years after transplant, there were lower Ccr and more renal dysfunction in the patients with long-time and high-level CMV-pp65 antigen load than in the patients without, the difference of which was significant between the two groups of patients. Conclusion Serious CMV infection with long duration can damage the function of kidney graft, and is a risk factor for renal dysfunction.

Objective To observe the protective role of enalapril as a specific angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on allograft in renal transplant recipients.Methods From Jan 2000 to Jun 2001,22 cases of renal transplant recipients with normal renal function and urine TGF-?_1 concentration being higher than 250.0 pg/mg Cr(group A) underwent therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(enalapril) one year after surgery.Enalapril was administered at a dose of 50 mg/d for the patients in group A for at least one year.Twenty-three recipients who never received angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in the same condition were studied as Group B.The adverse reactions of enalapril were investigated in group A and the expression of TGF-?_1mRNA in renal grafts were compared between before and 1 year after enalapril therapy.At the end of 3-year study period,the renal function,the decrement of creatinine clearance rate(Ccr) and the concentration of TGF-?_1 in blood and urine were compared between the two groups respectively.Results The Ccr decreased faster in group B than in group A.During three years study period,the decrements of Ccr were(5.1?4.6) and(13.7?9.5)(ml/min) in group A and group B respectively,and there were 2 cases and 9 cases with chronic allograft nephropathy(CAN) respectively.The decrement of Ccr and the number of CAN cases were significant difference between group A and group B(all P

Objective To investigate the effects of substituting tacrolimus (FK506) for cyclosporine (CsA) on delaying the pace of renal dysfunction in patients with biopsy-proven chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) and the molecular mechanism of the therapy.Methods From January, 1999 to May, 2002, 93 renal transplant recipients with declining graft function and biopsy-proven CAN (Grade Ⅰ), who had been taking cyclosporine (CsA) as immunosuppressive agent were studied. The patients were randomly divided into group A and group B. CsA was replaced with FK506 (1∶75) in group A that included 50 patients. Group B including the other 43 patients served as control group. All patients were followed up at least three years. Renal functions, losses of creatinine clearance rates within 3 years, incidence of acute renal graft rejection and plasma TGF-?_ 1 concentrations were compared between the two groups.Results Three years later, there were 31 patients ( 62.0 % ) with stabilized or improved graft function in group A, and 4 patients ( 9.3 % ) in group B. The difference was significant (P