The ultrastructures of synapses in the head of caudate nuclei of rats were studied by means of electron microscopic technique. The experimental group of rats, in which the pain threshold was elevated after electro-acupuncture, showed no change of the number of the granular vesicles, but a significant decrease of the number of clear synaptic vesicles (without dense core) in the presynaptic boutons. This might be correlated to release of acetylcholine in the synapse.

Objective: To study the stability of four kinds of cardiovascular ready-prepared Chinese medicine (Injections of Ciwujia, Shenmai, Dengzhanhuasu and Gegensu) in Betahistine Hydrochlorizel Sodium Chloride Injection. Methods: Four kinds of drugs were added into Betahistine Hydrochloride Sodium Chloride, respectively, and mixed, then observed for 6 hours at 23?C. Results: The appearance, pH value and concentration of four drugs above mentioned were stable in Betahistine Hydrochloride sodium chloride sodium chloride at room temperature (23?C) and in 6 hours. Conclusion: Injections of Ciwujia, Shenmai, Dengzhaihuasu and Gegensu are stable in Betahistine Hydrochlonile Sodium Chloride.

Many malignant tumors, most commonly small cell lung cancer, merge with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidi-uretic hormone (SIADH). SIADH is caused by the neuroendocrine function of tumor cells or is a side effect of chemotherapeutics. As a chemotherapeutic side effect, SIADH presents as hyponatremia. Therapy for SIADH includes both treatment for primary diseases and hyponatremia. Given that SIADH-induced hyponatremia aggravates the prognosis and shortens the survival time of patients with malig-nant tumors, SIADH is an independent risk factor for prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of SIADH will improve the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors.

This paper aims to conduct a literature meta-analysis of the results of existing empirical researches about the relationship between fiscal decentralization and supply of public health service in China.It was found that the different empirical results of the impact of China''s fiscal decentralization on the supply of public health services are subject to different research characteristics.The actual results of the impact, especially the significant effect, are influenced by the characteristics of the starting year, the year of termination, and the number of models, whether the model contains population density, transfer payments, degree of openness, and whether the independent variables include the fiscal expenditure decentralization.Through the funnel plot asymmetry test, it was found that there was publication bias in the sample literature.

Objective To investigate clinical application of critical value of platelet count and its threshold adjustment . Methods Theincidence rate and regularities of distribution of critical value of platelet count were retrospectively analyzed in pa‐tients ,whose platelet count was ≤50 × 109/L from Jan .2012 to Dec .2013 .And the suitable critical values of platelet count for dif‐ferent clinic units were set through clinical coordination .Results The platelet count were detected in 193 776 samples ,and detection results of 1 602 samples reached the critical value of platelet count (detection rate was 0 .83% ) .The critical value of platelet for he‐matology unit was adjusted to ≤10 × 109/L ,for surgical unit was adjusted to ≤50 × 109/L ,and for other units the critical value was still ≤20 × 109/L .Meanwhile ,cases were regarded as reaching the critical value when detection results of platelet count were differ by 50% in short time .Conclusion The adjustment of critical value of platelet count for different units could improve efficiency of clinic and laboratory ,and enhance safety of patients .

Adenosine is an important signaling molecule of the central nervous system (CNS). Adenosine typically released in the phosphorylated form(ATP), together with neurotransmitter, both of which are encapsulated in the synaptic vesicles. Once released into the synaptic space, adenosine molecules will bind to their three categories of receptors, namely A1 receptor (A1R), A2 receptor (A2R), A3 receptor (A3R), and therefore start G protein mediated signaling pathways, resulting in various and extensive biological effects. It has been discovered in recent years that adenosine has a certain level of anti-depression effect, although its mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. This review summarized the researches focusing on anti-depression roles of both adenosine and its receptors.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of Weimaining capsule and XELOX regimen (oxaliplatin plus capecitabine) in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer patients.Methods A total of 62 patients with advanced gastric cancer who fulfilled all predetermined criteria were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The 31 patients in observation group received a combination of Weimaining capsule and XELOX regimen,the 31 patients in control group received only XELOX regimen at the same dose intensity.Each patient received at least two cycles (1 cycle =21 days) of treatment,the efficacy was assessed after two cycles.Results The median time-to-progression (TTP) of observation and control groups were 5.5 and 4.8 months,respectively.The difference had no statistical significance (P =0.238).The disease control rates (DCR) of observation group was significantly improved compared with control group [67.7 ％ (21/31) vs 41.9 ％ (13/21),P ＜ 0.05],the difference was statistically significant,while the objective response rate (ORR) of the 2 groups had no statistical difference [(32.3 ％ (10/31) vs 25.8 ％ (8/31),P ＞ 0.05].In drug safety aspects,there was no Ⅴ grade adverse reactions (deaths caused by drug) among all the patients.Rates of grades Ⅱ-Ⅳ neutrocytopenia and nausea,vomiting in observation group were obviously lower than control group [16.13 ％ (5/31) vs 38.71％ (12/31),P ＜ 0.05;12.90 ％ (4/31) vs 35.48 ％ (11/31),P ＜ 0.05],other adverse reactions between the 2 groups had no statistical difference.Conclusions A combination of Weimaining capsule and XELOX regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer patients can improve DCR significantly and reduce part of adverse reaction induced by chemotherapy with satisfactory safety.This method is worthy of application widely.

Objective To develop a rapid ,convenient ,sensitive and specific method for the detection of marine Vbrio vulnificus by using loop‐mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) technique ,and evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of this method . Methods According to marine Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin(vvhA) gene sequence published by GenBank ,a set of LAMP primers were designed .LAMP and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification were carried out in 47 strains of bacteria(including 20 strains of Vibrio) and specificities of LAMP and PCR were compared .Serial ten‐fold dilutions of an overnight Vibrio vulnificus M06 culture were prepared in sterile saline solution ,and compared the sensitivity of LAMP with that of PCR after extracting DNA tem‐plates .A recombinant plasmid containing fragment of vvhA gene was constructed and set as a standard positive control of LAMP assay .Results False‐positive results occurred in the conventional PCR ,while in the LAMP assay positive amplifications were only seen in strains of Vibrio vulnificus and no false‐positive or false‐negative results were generated among 47 strains of bacteria ,which indicated that primers had high specificity .Additionally ,the results of electrophoresis were consistent with those after adding the calcein .The detection limit of LAMP was 4 × 10 CFU each reaction for detecting vvhA gene in pure culture ,which was 10‐fold more sensitive than that of conventional PCR(4 × 102 CFU each reaction) .It indicated that LAMP assay had good sensitivity .Repeated the test twice ,the detection results of LAMP and PCR were both stable .Conclusion An LAMP detection method for marine Vibrio vulnificus has been developed ,which is highly specific ,sensitive ,convenient and suitable for rapid field detection and point‐of‐care testing .

Objective:To evaluate the wear resistance of four types of composite resin when they were opposed by human enamel antagonist. The relationship between pH value and wear resistance was also evaluated. Methods:Mutual wear between four types of composite resins(3 mm?20 mm?1 mm),Beautifit(B),SureFilTM(S),TE-Econom(T),Charisma (C),with same rough surface and opposing enamel was evaluated using a wear simulator of UMT-2 (n=10).Wear resistance was assessed as weight loss(g).The worn surfaces were observed with scanning electron microscope(SEM).All data were statistically analyzed with SPSS14.0.Results:SEM observation showed that the fillers particles of resin B,S were bigger than that of the others. Fillers of resin C was the smallest and the most well-distributed. Many filler particles were lost. In the acid environment,the enamel surface had the special appearance. The S,C,T composite resins were less worn. The weight loss of the T,B,S composite resins increased when pH value fell down to 4.0 (P0.05).Conclusion:The wear resistance among the different brands of composite resins are discrepant. The weight loss might be accelerated with the decreased pH value.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of fire needle therapy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and provide reference for clinic and research. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of science, CNKI, VIP, CBM and WanFang Data to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on fire needle therapy treating KOA from inception to August 2013. Two reviewers independently screened articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.2. Results A total of 8 RCTs involving 820 patients were included. According to the different measures of control groups, subgroup analyses was performed and meta-analysis results showed that compared with the routine acupuncture group, the fire needle therapy group in clinical cured rate [OR=2.12, 95% CI (1.48, 3.02), P=0.000 1] and markedly effective rate (OR=3.92, 95%CI (2.65, 5.81), P<0.000 01] aspects all have statistical difference. Compared with the warm acupuncture group, the fire needle therapy group in the markedly effective rate [OR=4.12, 95% CI (1.92, 8.87), P=0.000 3] is statistically significant, but there is no statistical difference between the two groups in clinical cured rate [OR=3.09, 95% CI (0.95, 10.05), P =0.06]. Compared with the acupuncture needle (routine acupuncture and warm acupuncture) group, the fire needle therapy group in the visual analogue scale of knee pain [OR=-0.54, 95%CI (-0.85, -0.24), Z=3.46, P=0.000 5] after treatment is statistically difference. The adverse reactions to fire needle treatment of KOA patients have not been reported. Conclusion Current clinical evidence indicates that fire needle therapy is efficient for relieving clinical symptoms of patients with KOA, and improving their quality of life. However, due to lack of enough high-quality studies, fire needle therapy has to be further studied by conducting more strictly-designed, multicenter and large-scale RCTs.