The fibre projections of the caudate nucleus to the cerebral cortex and the nonspecific thalamic nucleus in the rabbit were studied by tracing the degenerated axons and terminal fibres from electrolytic lesions in the head portion of the nucleus on sections prepared with Nauta and Glees methods.The results were as follows:The efferent fibres from the head portion of the caudate nucleus were projected to frontal (especially the praecentral areas) and limbic cortex, and terminated in all the layers of the cerebral cortex.The efferent fibres from the head portion of the caudate nucleus were projectet to the centromedian nucleus and parafascicular nucleus of the nonspecific thalamic nuclei.The above observations suggest that the projection of the efferent fibres from the caudate nucleus to the cerebral cortex and nonspecific thalamic nuclei may be a parf of the nonspecific conducting pathway; and the caudate nucleus is not only a part do the extrapyramidal system but a structure of the nonspecific conducting system which may serve as the morphological basis for the role played by the caudate nucleus in the acupunctural analgesia.

Objective To explore the efficacy of captopril and methylprednisolone in the implosive therapy of RNS.Methods 21 cases of RNS who have captopril 1.25 mg/d and intravenous dripping methylprednisolone of 20mg/kg·d sustained 1-2h for 3 days,if non-remissions,using once more after a week.Results 21 cases of children with complete remission in 13 cases,partial remission in 5 cases,non-remission in 3 cases.The overall response rate was 86%.In complete remission 13 cases,4 cases remission after 2 courses treatment,5 cases remission after four courses treatment,4 cases remission after 6 courses treatment.Conclusion Combined captopril with methylprednisolone in treating refractory nephritic syndrome can improve the rate of remission.

Calculation of linear parameters, such as time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), is a conventional method for assessment of autonomic nervous system activity. Nonlinear phenomena are certainly involved in the genesis of HRV. In a seemingly random signal the Poincaré plot can easily demonstrate whether there is an underlying determinism in the signal. Linear and nonlinear analysis methods were applied in the computer words inputting experiments in this study for physiological measurement. This study therefore demonstrated that Poincaré plot was a simple but powerful graphical tool to describe the dynamics of a system.
Autonomic Nervous System ; physiology ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Nonlinear Dynamics

The receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules.As a pattern recognition receptor,it can bind with a variety of ligands.The adult lung is unique in which it expresses high amounts of RAGE under normal conditions while other tissues express low amounts normally and up-regulate RAGE during pathologic processes.The lung exhibits high basal level expression of RAGE localised mainly in alveolar type I cells,suggesting a potentially important role for the receptor in epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation and maintaining lung homeostasis.Indeed,disruption of RAGE levels has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of pulmonary disorders such as acute and chronic lung injury.Furthermore,its soluble form sRAGE,as a decoy receptor,has been shown as an important marker of alveolar epithelial type I cell injury.Studies have suggested that RAGE plays an important role in the biology of the lung and may become a therapeutic target for lung injury.

Objective To investigate the bladder responses to different rates of bladder infusion in healthy and spinal cord injured rats.Methods Fourteen adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided into two groups:healthy group (n =7) and spinal transection injury group (n =7).The intravesical pressures induced by continuous infusion of saline with different rates under general anesthesia were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results In healthy group the responses of bladder contraction were dependent upon the rate of bladder infusion,and contraction time became shorter while increasing the infusion rate (P ＜ 0.05),i.e.contraction time was (401.0±132.4),(215.7 ±95.9),(108.3 ±59.1) and (52.5 ±32.8)s,respectively,when the infusion rate was 0.05,0.1,0.2 and 0.5 mL/min.Compared with healthy group,spinal transection injury group had significantly shorter bladder contraction time (P ＜ 0.05),however the relationship between bladder contraction time and infusion rate was much weakened.Spinal transaction injury rats had significantly lower peak of bladder pressure (P ＜ 0.05) compared with healthy rats.There was no significant difference for contraction durations between the two groups.Conclusions The infusion rates influenced the contraction periods for both healthy and spinal cord injured rats.During bladder infusions with a same rate,the contraction time and the peak of bladder pressure were determined by bladder conditions,i.e.healthy or neurogenic with spinal cord injury.

Objective To develop a multi-parametric objective evaluation protocol and investigate its correlation with perceptual analysis of continuous speech for objectivity and quantitatively. Methods The voice samples were collected from 135 patients with dysphonia and 29 subjects with normal voice. The objective parameters, including fundamental frequency (F 0), intensity, jitter, signal-to-noise ratio, Lyapunov coefficient (LC),oral airflow (OAF), vocal range (Range) and maximum phonatory time (MPT) which were measured mainly on a sustained /a/ and estimated subglottic pressure (ESGP) which was determined on a series of /pa/,were recorded on an "EVA" workstation which was developed in French. According to the G (overall dysphonia) component of the GRBAS score on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 for normal to 3 for severe dysphonia, the perceptual analysis was done by a jury composed of 4 experienced listeners and the voice samples (continuous speech) were from the same patients with normal voices and normal intensity. Results Using the discriminate analysis, a seven parameters protocol (Range, LC, ESGP, MPT, OAF, signal-to-noise ratio and F 0) was developed. Result showed that this protocol allowed 84% concordance with jury classification.Conclusion The objective voice evaluation is multi-parametric and is able to reflet the result of perceptual analysis.

? Diabetic retinopathy is one of those significant complications of diabetes.With the increasing number of diabetic patients, blind caused by diabetic retinopathy is a serious threat to human health which cannot be neglected, but there is no highly effective treatment for it. Consequently, early detection and preventive treatment for it are important.Currently, studies have found that urine microalbumin had a close relation with diabetic retinopathy and that urine microalbumin might play an important role in early predicting of diabetic retinopathy. The review is about the diagnostic significance of urine microalbumin test for early diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To explore the neuroprotective effect of magnesium sulfate on radiation induced neural stem cell injury. Methods Brain tissue was obtained from new-born sprague-dawley rats within 24 hours, and the cerebral hemisphere was dissociated to culture the neural stem cells. After being identified by immunofluorescence method, the neural stem cells were randomly divided into 3 groups as blank control group, experimental control group and experimental group. The neural stem cells of experimental control group and experimental group were irradiated with 2 or 4 Gy of gamma rays. The proliferation and the cell cycle of neural stem cells were detected at different time-points ranging from 24 h,48 h, 72 h after irradiation with CCK-8 and FCM. Results Compared with the blank control group, the proliferation rate of experimental control group was significantly reduced ( t = 5. 33-8.44, P ＜ 0. 05 ), and the G1 phase arrest of experimental control group was significantly enhanced ( t = 30. 60-71.22, P ＜ 0. 05 ).Compared with the experimental control group, the proliferation of experimental group significantly increased excluding that of 24 h ( t = 2.45-4. 71, P ＜ 0.05 ), the apoptosis rate of experimental group significantly decreasd (t = 6.73-41.12, P ＜ 0.05 ), which was closer to the blank control group.Conclusion Magnesium sulfate can alleviate the injury of proliferation and decrease the cell apoptosis in the early stage after irradiation.

Objective To compare clinical value of peripheral blood collection and venous blood collection methods in blood tests.Methods 467 patients who received blood test were selected.The venous blood and peripher-al blood were collected,the indicators of blood test were detected,and the test results were analyzed.Results The white blood cell count (WBC),red blood cell count (RBC),platelet count (PLT),red blood cell hematocrit (HCT),hemoglobin (HB)of venous blood were (5.7 ±1.2)×109 /L,(3.72 ±0.48)×109 /L,(218.0 ±57.5)× 109 /L,(41.8 ±19.8)g/L,(115.7 ±13.8)g/L respectively,those of peripheral blood were (6.7 ±3.4)×109 /L, (3.62 ±0.72)×109 /L,(204.0 ±87.7)×109 /L,(32.7 ±20.7)g/L,(103.6 ±19.6),the differences were statis-tically significant (t =5.994,2.497,2.885,6.865,10.908,all P <0.05).The mean red cell hemoglobin concentra-tion (MCHC),mean red cell volume (MCV),mean erythrocyte hemoglobin (MCH)and other indexes had no signifi-cant differences(all P >0.05).Conclusion The test results in patients with venous and peripheral blood was quite different,venous blood test results obtained with greater value in clinical use,it is recommended that routine blood test used venous blood.

Objective To investigate the effect of down-regulation of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cells T24.Methods shRNA targeting TRPM8 was designed and synthesized, and then transfected into the T24 cells via lipofectamine 2000 mediation.The proliferation and apoptosis of T24 cells were detected with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and flow cytometry.Expression of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 were detected with Western blot.Results TRPM8-targeted shRNA downregulated TRPM8 expression of T24 cells.MTT assay showed a significant acceleration of the proliferation of shRNA interference group compared to blank and control groups (P ＜0.01).Compared to control group, cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher in shRNA interference group (P ＜ 0.01).In addition, the expressions of PI3K, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 were decreased in shRNA interference group.Conclusions Down-regulation of TRPM8 can induce inhibition of proliferation and promotion of cell apoptosis in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cells T24 via regulating PI3K.It might be regarded as a novel target for clinical diagnosis and gene therapy of bladder cancer.