The fibre projections of the caudate nucleus to the cerebral cortex and the nonspecific thalamic nucleus in the rabbit were studied by tracing the degenerated axons and terminal fibres from electrolytic lesions in the head portion of the nucleus on sections prepared with Nauta and Glees methods.The results were as follows:The efferent fibres from the head portion of the caudate nucleus were projected to frontal (especially the praecentral areas) and limbic cortex, and terminated in all the layers of the cerebral cortex.The efferent fibres from the head portion of the caudate nucleus were projectet to the centromedian nucleus and parafascicular nucleus of the nonspecific thalamic nuclei.The above observations suggest that the projection of the efferent fibres from the caudate nucleus to the cerebral cortex and nonspecific thalamic nuclei may be a parf of the nonspecific conducting pathway; and the caudate nucleus is not only a part do the extrapyramidal system but a structure of the nonspecific conducting system which may serve as the morphological basis for the role played by the caudate nucleus in the acupunctural analgesia.

Objective To explore the efficacy of captopril and methylprednisolone in the implosive therapy of RNS.Methods 21 cases of RNS who have captopril 1.25 mg/d and intravenous dripping methylprednisolone of 20mg/kg·d sustained 1-2h for 3 days,if non-remissions,using once more after a week.Results 21 cases of children with complete remission in 13 cases,partial remission in 5 cases,non-remission in 3 cases.The overall response rate was 86%.In complete remission 13 cases,4 cases remission after 2 courses treatment,5 cases remission after four courses treatment,4 cases remission after 6 courses treatment.Conclusion Combined captopril with methylprednisolone in treating refractory nephritic syndrome can improve the rate of remission.

Objective To compare clinical value of peripheral blood collection and venous blood collection methods in blood tests.Methods 467 patients who received blood test were selected.The venous blood and peripher-al blood were collected,the indicators of blood test were detected,and the test results were analyzed.Results The white blood cell count (WBC),red blood cell count (RBC),platelet count (PLT),red blood cell hematocrit (HCT),hemoglobin (HB)of venous blood were (5.7 ±1.2)×109 /L,(3.72 ±0.48)×109 /L,(218.0 ±57.5)× 109 /L,(41.8 ±19.8)g/L,(115.7 ±13.8)g/L respectively,those of peripheral blood were (6.7 ±3.4)×109 /L, (3.62 ±0.72)×109 /L,(204.0 ±87.7)×109 /L,(32.7 ±20.7)g/L,(103.6 ±19.6),the differences were statis-tically significant (t =5.994,2.497,2.885,6.865,10.908,all P <0.05).The mean red cell hemoglobin concentra-tion (MCHC),mean red cell volume (MCV),mean erythrocyte hemoglobin (MCH)and other indexes had no signifi-cant differences(all P >0.05).Conclusion The test results in patients with venous and peripheral blood was quite different,venous blood test results obtained with greater value in clinical use,it is recommended that routine blood test used venous blood.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy on the changes of immunity balance of Th1/Th2 and cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2),interferon-γ (IFN-γ),IL-4,IL-10,and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Methods Fifty patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into thermochemotherapy group (n =25,received whole body hyperthermia combined TP chemotherapy),and chemotherapy group (n =25,received TP chemotherapy alone).The immunity balance of Th1/Th2,IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-10,and VEGF levels before therapy and 1 week after therapy were observed.At the same time,the above observation indices were also detected as normal control in 20 healthy volunteers.Results Compared to the chemotherapy group,the proportion of Th1 cells from thermochemotherapy group was significantly increased after therapy (P =0.002) and that of Th2 cells was dropped markedly (P =0.006).There was no difference in the levels of IL-2,IFN~,IL4,IL-10,and VEGF between thermochemotherapy and chemotherapy groups before therapy (P ＞ 0.05).However,the expressions of ILA,IL-10,and VEGF in the NSCLC group were significantly higher than normal group (P ＜ 0.01).The IL-2 and IFN-γ levels were significantly decreased in NSCLC group (P ＜0.01).After therapy 1 week,the concentration of IL-2 and IFN-γfrom thermochemotherapy and chemotherapy groups were higher than before,with statistical significance (P ＜0.01).In addition,IL-4 and IL-10 levels of two groups were significantly decreased in comparison with before therapy (P ＜ 0.01),and it showed a striking difference in cytokines (IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4,and IL-10) between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).However,the concentration of VEGF in chemotherapy group patients before and after chemotherapy had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The concentration of VEGF from thermochemotherapy group patients after therapy were lower than chemotherapy group patients,the difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Thermochemotherapy can significantly prompt the Th2 to Th1 shift in both cells and cytokines of advanced NSCLC compared to chemotherapy alone.Moreover,thermochemotherapy also reduces the expression of VEGF,which may prevent the formation of new blood vessels in tumor tissue.

Objective To develop a multi-parametric objective evaluation protocol and investigate its correlation with perceptual analysis of continuous speech for objectivity and quantitatively. Methods The voice samples were collected from 135 patients with dysphonia and 29 subjects with normal voice. The objective parameters, including fundamental frequency (F 0), intensity, jitter, signal-to-noise ratio, Lyapunov coefficient (LC),oral airflow (OAF), vocal range (Range) and maximum phonatory time (MPT) which were measured mainly on a sustained /a/ and estimated subglottic pressure (ESGP) which was determined on a series of /pa/,were recorded on an "EVA" workstation which was developed in French. According to the G (overall dysphonia) component of the GRBAS score on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 for normal to 3 for severe dysphonia, the perceptual analysis was done by a jury composed of 4 experienced listeners and the voice samples (continuous speech) were from the same patients with normal voices and normal intensity. Results Using the discriminate analysis, a seven parameters protocol (Range, LC, ESGP, MPT, OAF, signal-to-noise ratio and F 0) was developed. Result showed that this protocol allowed 84% concordance with jury classification.Conclusion The objective voice evaluation is multi-parametric and is able to reflet the result of perceptual analysis.

Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)is the products of slow,continuous non-enzymatic saccharification reaction,which can reflect the average blood glucose of 2~3 months of the patients,and it is the most important index for long-term monitoring of glucose.There are so many methods for detecting HbA1c that America,Japan and Swede proposed their own standardized detection methods to reduce the difference laboratories.However,these methods were non-specific.A new method for was developed by International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and laboratory medicine (IFCC) in 2007,which was of high specificity,but which resulted in relatively low glycosylated hemoglobin.To avoid the confusion in reference value of glycosylated hemoglobin,average blood glucose was recommended by American Diabetes Association (ADA),European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD),and International Diabetes Federation (IDF).This paper review the origin of average blood glucose substituting HbA1c,relationship of HbA1c with average blood glucose,and the international multiple-center research of ADAG and its enlightenment,and we also discuss the relevant development in future.

The measures taken by Library of Southern Medical University to improve the use of its electronic re-sources were described according to the major problems in use of electronic resources in domestic college and uni-versity libraries from resources assessment, resources integration and revealing, resources popularization and librarians support, with certain rational suggestions proposed for increasing the utilization ratio of electronic resources, inclu-ding popularization of resources, training of user information literacy, and improvement of users ability.

The specific features of diabetic microangiopathy include thickening of basement membrane with deposition of a transparent material.Diabetic retinopathy,neuropathy,cardiomyopathy,as well as diabetic foot are the main complications.It remains controversial whether intensive treatment may reduce the clinical renal end point events significantly,while evidence-based medicine confirmed that intensive treatment can reduce the trace and heavy proteinuria,neuropathy,and retinopathy.It will benefit the patients if comprehensive,and standard and,persistent treatments,are started as early as possible,and it consider the features of elderly patients.Managing Older People with Type 2 Diabetes Global Guidelines (IDF) and Chinese Elderly Diabetes Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment Measures point out that microvascular complications in elderly patients with diabetes closely related to the quality of life,to which we should pay great attention.Early prevention,early diagnosis,early treatment,reach the standard in early stage will be of important clinical significance for the prevention and treatment of senile diabetic microvascular lesion.

Objective To investigate the bladder responses to different rates of bladder infusion in healthy and spinal cord injured rats.Methods Fourteen adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided into two groups:healthy group (n =7) and spinal transection injury group (n =7).The intravesical pressures induced by continuous infusion of saline with different rates under general anesthesia were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results In healthy group the responses of bladder contraction were dependent upon the rate of bladder infusion,and contraction time became shorter while increasing the infusion rate (P ＜ 0.05),i.e.contraction time was (401.0±132.4),(215.7 ±95.9),(108.3 ±59.1) and (52.5 ±32.8)s,respectively,when the infusion rate was 0.05,0.1,0.2 and 0.5 mL/min.Compared with healthy group,spinal transection injury group had significantly shorter bladder contraction time (P ＜ 0.05),however the relationship between bladder contraction time and infusion rate was much weakened.Spinal transaction injury rats had significantly lower peak of bladder pressure (P ＜ 0.05) compared with healthy rats.There was no significant difference for contraction durations between the two groups.Conclusions The infusion rates influenced the contraction periods for both healthy and spinal cord injured rats.During bladder infusions with a same rate,the contraction time and the peak of bladder pressure were determined by bladder conditions,i.e.healthy or neurogenic with spinal cord injury.

Objective To explore the neuroprotective effect of magnesium sulfate on radiation induced neural stem cell injury. Methods Brain tissue was obtained from new-born sprague-dawley rats within 24 hours, and the cerebral hemisphere was dissociated to culture the neural stem cells. After being identified by immunofluorescence method, the neural stem cells were randomly divided into 3 groups as blank control group, experimental control group and experimental group. The neural stem cells of experimental control group and experimental group were irradiated with 2 or 4 Gy of gamma rays. The proliferation and the cell cycle of neural stem cells were detected at different time-points ranging from 24 h,48 h, 72 h after irradiation with CCK-8 and FCM. Results Compared with the blank control group, the proliferation rate of experimental control group was significantly reduced ( t = 5. 33-8.44, P ＜ 0. 05 ), and the G1 phase arrest of experimental control group was significantly enhanced ( t = 30. 60-71.22, P ＜ 0. 05 ).Compared with the experimental control group, the proliferation of experimental group significantly increased excluding that of 24 h ( t = 2.45-4. 71, P ＜ 0.05 ), the apoptosis rate of experimental group significantly decreasd (t = 6.73-41.12, P ＜ 0.05 ), which was closer to the blank control group.Conclusion Magnesium sulfate can alleviate the injury of proliferation and decrease the cell apoptosis in the early stage after irradiation.