The human sphincter of Oddi has been known for more than a century.The sphincter regulates periodic discharge of bile and pancreatic juice and their directional flow.Research on the sphincter is still inadequate,especially on how to accurately evaluate its function,dysfunction and effective treatment.In recent years,advances in anatomy,regulation and improvements in investigation have deepened our understanding of diagnosis and treatment of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. This paper summarizes the new developments in this field.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature

ZHANG Shi-jie is one of the 500 famous TCM doctors designated by the State Administration of TCM and Beijing Municipal Health Bureau. ZHANG advocates ancient needling method and uses a unique treating method which includes comprehensive analysis of the four examinations and analogy; in his ancient treatment, he usually selects few acupoints and prefers Taixi (KI 3), he insists on stopping needling after the harmonious of qi and needling on alternative days; theoretically, ZHANG is versatile and full of learning, he follows the rule of yin and yang and adjusts his ways to cultivate the health; in his treatment, ZHANG considers the patients in diagnosis and treatment and combines the acupuncture with drugs; in teaching, he is strict and rigorous, on one hand, he is ruthless, but on the other hand, he is patient, demonstrating the sincere shining example of great doctors.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; manpower ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; instrumentation ; methods ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Physicians ; history ; Teaching ; history

Ligustrum lucidum can be used as immunomodulatory and to treat acute hepatitides and chronic hepatitis, and has many other bioactivities such as anti-aging activity, decreasing the level of the blood sugar, anti-inflammatory activity and anti-tumor activity. The chemical constituents of its fruits include pentacyclic triterpenoid, dammarane tetracyclic triterpenoids, flavones, secoiridoids, phenolic glucosides, and other components such as polysaccharide, amino acid, fatty acid, volatile components, pigment, microelement, and so on. This paper summarizes the research advances on the chemical constitutents of Ligustrum lucidum and the structure-activity relationship.

The mortality rate was measured against the time of the treatment of ozone and the variation of ozone concentration. Experiment results indicate that Ganoderma lucidum hyphae could be destroyed completely by ozone and the mortality rate obviously went up with the prolonging of treatment time. The changes of cell form and the fluorescence of hyphae (dyed by acridine orange or not) were observed through biological microscope, laser confocal scanning microscopic imaging system, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and atom force microscope, and the mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum hyphae (eucaryote) destroyed by ozone was studied.

Atypical monkeypox broke out in many non-endemic countries in 2022, and the cumulative number of cases worldwide reached 21 775 on July 11. Although most cases of atypical monkeypox outbreaks were related to sexual behavior, there was no clear consensus on whether monkeypox is a sexually transmitted disease, and the current guidelines issued in China for the diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox do not yet rule out monkeypox as a sexually transmitted disease. This review analyzed the evidence supporting atypical monkeypox as a sexually transmitted disease and other possible explanations from the perspectives of monkeypox case definition/diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory examinations, and public health prevention and control measures, aiming to provide suitable recommendations for the prevention and control of monkeypox outbreaks in China.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; Colon ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Peristalsis ; Syndrome ; Urinary Bladder ; abnormalities

Mouret abscess is a rare extracranial complication of suppurative otitis media. It is generally believed to be a deep neck abscess caused by inflammation leading to the rupture of the bony tip of the mastoid tip. The location of Mouret abscess is deep. The symptoms are insidious at the onset, but may eventually spread to the surrounding tissue, and even lead to mediastinal abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, dyspnea and other serious complications. At present, with the popularization of antibiotics, the occurrence rate of Mouret abscess is very low, and only sporadic cases have been reported.In this paper, a case of Mouret abscess caused by cholesteatoma was analyzed to explore Mouret abscess in terms of the route of infection, clinical manifestations, imaging features, diagnosis and treatment.
Abscess ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Cholesteatoma ; complications ; Humans ; Mastoid ; pathology ; Meningitis ; Neck ; pathology ; Otitis Media ; Otitis Media, Suppurative ; complications

Objective To observe the neuroprotective effect of celecoxib against degeneration of dopaminergic neurons caused by lipopolysaccharide in vivo.Methods The rat model of Parkinson disease(PD)was established by intranigral injection of lipopolysaccharide.Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group,PD group,and celecoxib group.Behavioural changes were recorded,and the expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)were determined by immunohistochmistry and Western blot.Results No behavioral change was found in control group.There was significant difference in the number of circling behavior between PD and celecoxib groups(196.90±9.52 vs 109.30±9.38,P＜0.01).The number of TH-positive cells and the expression of TH protein in rat substantia nigra were significantly higher in celecoxib group than in PD group(P＜0.01).Compared with PD group,the number of COX-2positive cells and the expression of COX-2 protein were significant lower in celecoxib group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Celecoxib has neuroprotective effect on the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons caused by lipopolysaccharide in vivo.

Catheter Ablation ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Kidney ; innervation ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiopathology