ObjectiveTo find out clinic characteristics of communicative disorders in children.Methods613 children with communicative disorders were evaluated by the illness history, audition and language examining, intellectuality testing and treated by the mode of out patient language training combining with family language training.ResultsIn 613 children, there were 375 language retardation cases (60.20%) and 193 articulation disorders cases (31.48%).58 children got expected clinical effect by out patient language training.ConclusionLanguage retardation and articulation disorders are the main diseases of communicative disorders in out patients. Childhood is the good period of language development and the key period of treatment of communicative disorders.

Objective To investigate the changes and significance of platelet parameters and leucocyte in the children suffered from mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).Methods The platelet parameters (PLT),the platelet volume(MPV),the platelet distribution width (PDW),and the white blood cell count(WBC) were detected by automatic blood cell analyzer respectively in 300 children with MPP before and after the treatment by macrolides antibiotics for a week as well as in 40 normal children.The comparison was made among them.Results There were 156 cases that suffered from thrombocytosis (PLT ＞ 300 × 109/L) in MPP group,the incidence rate was 52.0％(156/300).While there was 1 case with thrombocytopenia,the incidence rate was 0.3％ (1/300).The WBC,MPV and PDW in MPP group before and after one-week treatment were higher than the control group.And the PLT was higher than the initial stage of hospitalization and the control group.The differences had statistical significance.Conclusion The incidence rate of thrombocytosis was high in the children suffered from MPP.The dynamic observation of platelet parameters and WBC in children with MPP could be used as the elementary basis of judging MP infection.

Silent brain infarction (SBI) is mainly diagnosed by brain imaging which is more common in the elderly population.It is considered as the early clinical stage of symptomatic cerebral infarction and cognitive impairment.Its risk factors include age,history of smoking,hypertension,diabetes,metabolic syndrome,carotid atherosclerosis,chronic kidney disease,atrial fibrillation,and obstructive sleep apnea.The related serum biological markers include high-sensitivity C reactive protein,homocysteine,cholesterol,uric acid,and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1.This article reviews the advances in research on the imaging characteristics,risk factors,serum biological markers and clinical significance of SBI.

Objective To explore the effect of Mcl-1 small interference RNA ( siRNA) on tumor necrosis factor-re-lated apoptosis-inducing ligand ( TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer HGC-27 cells. Methods The apop-totic rates of cells treated with TRAIL and pan-caspase inhibitor ( z-VAD-fmk) alone or combination were measured by propidium iodide (PI) method using flow cytometry. The activation of caspase-3, cleavage of PARP-1, as well as the protein level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 before and after TRAIL treatment were monitored by Western blot analysis. Transfection of Mcl-1 siRNA was performed using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. The efficiency of gene silencing was quantified by Western blot and the effect of Mcl-1 siRNA on TRAIL-induced apoptosis was measured using PI method. Results HGC-27 cells were resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, and z-VAD-fmk pretreatment could block apoptosis nearly completely. Activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP-1 occurred in the late stage of apoptosis. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 were not altered after exposure to TRAIL. Transfection with Mcl-1 siRNA could obviously downregulate the expression evel of Mcl-1 in HGC-27 cells and enhanced the sensitivity of cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Conclusion Overexpression of Mcl-1 may account for the resistance of HGC-27 cells to TRAIL.ownregulationof Mcl-1 by siRNA can effectively enhance the sensitivity of HGC-27 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the changes of the anion gap(AG)in the premature suffered from hyperbilirubinemia,to provide the basis for treatment.Methods The serum electrolyte,the renal function and the liver function in 94 premature babies suffered from hyperbilirubinemia were tested,and then calculated the value of AG,while the arterial blood gas analyses were done in 36 cases.Results 44 cases had high AG(46.81％),44 cases had normal AG(46.81％)and 6 cases had low AG(6.38％).The increase of AG was directly proportional to the concentration of Na+in blood,while was inversely proportion to the concentration of HCO3-.There was no close relationship between the AG and BUN,Scr in the serum.Conclusion The incidence rate of metabolic acidosis poisoning was high in premature suffered from hyperbilirubinemia with high AG,so the routine test of blood electrolyte,renal function and arterial blood gas should be done.Calculate the value of AG to guide the treatment,and to avoid correcting the acid by the alkali blindly.

Objective To investigate the importance of PTEN protein and CD44v6 detection to the prediction of laryngeal carcinoma differentiation and cervical lymph node metastasis. Methods The expressions of PTEN protein and CD44v6 were detected by immunohistochemical SP method in 97 specimens with laryngeal carcinoma and 97 specimens with a distance over 2.5 centimeters from laryngeal carcinoma. The relations between them and their clinical significance to the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma above Glottis by the statistical analyses tools were revealed. Results The positive expression rates of PTEN protein were respectively 55.67 %, 100 % in laryngeal carcinoma and adjacent carcinoma tissue. There was a significant difference between them statistically (P<0.01). The positive expression rates of PTEN protein are notable difference among the high, middle and low differentiation of laryngeal carcinoma, but not between the positive metastasis of lymph node of neck and the negative one(P >0.05). For the expression of CD44v6, there were notable statistical difference not only among the different differentiation of laryngeal careinoma, but also between the positive metastasis of lymph node of neck and the negative one. The low expressions of PTEN protein and the high expression of CD44v6 in the same carcinoma cell has significant negative correlation (P< 0.05). Conclusion PTEN protein may have the importance to the differentiation of laryngeal carcinoma, but no means to cervical lymph node metastasis. CD44v6 may have great importance to both.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the safety and effects of different doses of budesonide combined with ipratropium bro-mide on rational symptom,lung function and arterial blood gas indexes of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (AECOPD). METHODS:186 AECOPD inpatients were selected and randomly divided into low-dose,medi-um-dose and high-dose groups,with 61 cases in each group. All groups received routine treatment as ipratropium bromide 500 μg+0.9%Sodium chloride injection(NS)2 ml,oral inhalation with oxygen drive atomization nebulizer,oxygen flow rate of 4-5 L/min, 15-20 min/time,tid. Low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose group were additionally given Budesonide suspension 0.5,1.0,2.0 mg+NS 2 ml respectively,oral inhalation with oxygen drive atomization nebulizer,oxygen flow rate of 4-5 L/min 20 min/time,bid. Pa-tients in 3 groups were treated for 7 days. Pulmonary function,MRC score,arterial blood gas indexes and ADR were compared among 3 groups before treatment,3 and 7 days after treatment. RESULTS:FEV1% of 3 groups were significantly improved after treatment;3 and 7 days after treatment,FEV1% of high-dose group was higher than that of medium-dose and higher than that of low-dose group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The MRC scales of 3 groups were significantly decreased after treatment;3 days after treatment,MRC scale of high-dose group was lower than those of medium-dose and lower than that of low-dose group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). 7 days after treatment,MRC scales of medium-dose and low-dose groups were low-er than that of low-dose group,with statistical significance (P<0.05),but there was no statistical significance in MRC scale be-tween high-dose group and medium-dose group after treatment 7 days(P>0.05). After treatment,there was statistical significance in PaCO2 and PaO2 among 3 groups (P<0.05),and the improvement of high-dose group was better than those of medium-dose and better than that of low-dose group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). No severe ADR was found in 3 groups. CONCLU-SIONS:Aerosol inhalation of 2.0 mg budesonide combined with ipratropium bromide can effectively improve pulmonary function, rational symptoms and arterial blood gas indexes with good safety.

Objective To analyse the change of the blood serum electrolyte in asphyxial neonates.Methods To test the concentration of blood serum K~+、Na~+、Cl~-、Ca~(2+) in enzyme linked immunosorbhent assay.In 343 cases,there were 297 cases of slight asphyxial neonates and 46 eases of serious neonates.In control group,there were 41 cases.Results The concentration of blood serum K~+、C~l-、Ca~(2+) in asphyxial neonates were significamly less than control group(all P<0.01) and the concentration after birth 24h～48h were significantly less than within 24h(all P<0.01).The incidence of hyponatremia,hypochloremia and hypocalcemia after birth 24h～48h were significantly hisher than within 24h(all P<0.01),There were no significant differences in the concentration of blood serum K~+、Na~+、Cl~-、Ca~(2+) between the slight asphyxial group and the serious asphyxial group(P>0.05).Conclusions The concentration of blood serum K~+、Na~+、Cl~-、Ca~(2+) in asphyxial neonates gradually reduced after birth 48h and tbe incidence of electrolyte disturbance gradually increased.The change of blood electrolyte should be dynamically routinely monitored.

Visceral hypersensitivity is the core pathogenesis process of functional gastrointestinal disorders( FGIDs). Numerous studies showed that psychological stress plays a key role in the development of visceral hypersensitivity. Brain center is the key part involved in psychological stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity, especially senior central sensitization. However,the specific pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. This article reviewed studies on central role mechanism of psychological stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Rheum tanguticum on expression of serum endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), endothelin (ET) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-Keto-PGF1α) in uric acid nephropathy rat model. After 3 weeks of treatment with different extractions of Rheum tanguticum on uric acid nephropathy rat model, levels of serum BUN, Cr and UA were measured by biochemical analyzer. ELISA method was used to measure the expression of serum eNOS, ET and 6-Keto-PGF1α. Meanwhile, pathological changes of renal tissues were observed by light microscope. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, the levels of serum BUN, Cr, UA and renal index were higher in the model group (P< 0.05). Compared with the model group, the concentration of eNOS in the model group was obviously higher in the rhubarb ethanol extraction group, rhubarb water extraction group, and allopurinol group (P< 0.05). Concentration of ET was obviously reduced in the rhubarb water extraction group and allopurinol group (P< 0.05). There was no statistical difference with the rhubarb ethanol extraction group. There was no significant difference in the concentration of 6-Keto-PGF1α among groups. Lots of inflammatory cells and uratic crystallization were observed by light microscope in renal tissues among rats in the model group. Damages of renal tissues in medication groups were alleviated than the model group. It was concluded that Rheum tanguticumcan alleviate the damage of uratic crystallization and inflammatory cell infiltration, increase the concentration of serum eNOS, and decrease the concentration of serum ET. Thus, it can reduce the damage of renal endothelial cells and protect renal functions. The effect of rhubarb ethanol extraction on reducing ET expression was less than the water extraction.