The appearance and development of laser technology had made Raman spectroscopy one of the most attractive research fields in analysis using laser.Raman spectroscopy had been widely used in the analysis of material components and structure.In this review,recent advances of Raman spectroscopy on human blood were summarized,which including the basic research on red cells,white cells,platelets and the serum concentrations of various substances by Raman spectroscopy.The rewiew also intruduces the Raman spectroscopy on early diagnosis for cancer,diagnosis for blood diseases,and its future development.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for severe hypoglycemia in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to provide scientific rationales for the prevention of hypoglycemia in treating diabetes.Methods Clinical data of 49 T2DM patients with severe hypoglycemia (hypoglycemic group) and 98 T2DM patients without hypoglycemia as control group were retrospectively analyzed.Severe hypoglycemia was defined as that patient requiring assistance for intaking carbohydrate to alleviate hypoglycemia and plasma glucose concentration was less than 3.9 mmol/L.Clinical and biochemical indexes were analyzed by the single-factor analysis.Logistic regression model was established by multi factors regression analysis,and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the performance of the logistic regression model.Results The mean serum glucose level was (2.3±0.7) mmol/L during hypoglycemia in hypoglycemia group.The mean age was higher in hypoglycemia group than in control group [(76.2±6,5) years vs.(69.8±11.5) years,P=0.001].The mean glycosylated hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) level was lower in hypoglycemia group than in control group [(6.4±0.8)％ vs.(9.1± 2.5)％,P＜0.001].Endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) was lower in hypoglycemia group than in control group [(46.8±21.0) ml/min vs.(74.2 ± 24.5) ml/min,P＜0.001].Logistic regression analysis indicated that female and HbA1c level were the independent risk factors for severe hypoglycemia (OR=11.83,0.91 and 0.18,95％CI:1.82 76.93,0.86-0.97 and 0.08-0.44,respectiely] ; T2DM therapies with insulin and insulin secretagogues increased the risk of hypoglycemia (OR＝12.31 and 5.36,95％CI:1.70-88.88 and 1.08-26.56); however,duration of diabetes,body mass index (BMI),and urinary microalbumin (UMA) had no correlation with severe hypoglycemia (all P＞0.05).The area under the ROC curve was 96.5％ by the logistic regression model.Conclusions Gender,Ccr,HbA1c,insulin and insulin secretagogues are the main risk factors for severe hypoglycemia in T2DM patients.Preventive interventions of hypoglycemia should be taken earlier for the patients with the high risk factors.

Objective To analyze the inducement,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of diabetes patients with multiple organ failure(MOF).Methods A retrospective analysis of 64 diabetes patients with multiple organ failure was executed,the clinical data were statistically analyzed.Results Heart failure was the most common in 64 cases with a incidence of 100.0％,the rest common failure organ were kidney(92.2％ ),brain( 32.8％ ),lung ( 14.1％ ),gastrointestinal tract (3.1％ ),and liver( 1.6％ ).Cases with the glucose level over 33.5mmol/L illustrated a significantly higher incidence than other groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ),glucose level between 22.5 and 33.4mmol/L group was significantly higher than the 12.2 ～ 22.4mmol/L group( P ＜ 0.05 ) The inducement of MOF were infection (76.6％ ) medication terminate ( 9.4％ ),ketoacidosis ( 7.8％ ),cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents (6.3％ ).Conclusion Positive control of blood glucose in the early stage of diabetes,prevent complications,eliminate the incentive could reduce the incidence of MOF,eventually reduce the mortality rate.

Objective To explore the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with acupuncture point injection on children with mental retardation at early stage. Methods 120 children with mental retardation were divided four groups: groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ, 30 cases in each group including 10 mild, 10 moderate and 10 severe, respectively. Group Ⅰ received intelligence training by their parents. Group Ⅱ was treated by transcranial magnetic stimulation and intelligence training. Group Ⅲ was treated by acupuncture point injection of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside and intelligence training. Group Ⅳ was treated by transcranial magnetic stimulation, acupuncture point injection of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside and intelligence training. 3 months was a course. DQ of 4 groups was tested by Gesell Development Scale before and after the treatment. The effective rate and different intelligence levels of 4 groups were compared. Results DQ of mild vs. severe and moderate vs. severe improved significantly in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P<0.01). The DQ of moderate vs. severe improved very significantly in group Ⅳ (P<0.01). Conclusion Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with acupuncture point injection may facilitate to improve the intelligence level of children with mild and moderate mental retardation.

BACKGROUND:How to promote wound healing is always the research focus of the surgical physicians in the clinic. Recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) can effectively promote wound healing. However, as a biological agent, it is easy to be decomposed under normal temperature.
OBJECTIVE:Toexplorethe mechanisms underlying the promotion of wound healing in the back of rabbits by bletila carrying exogenous rhEGF.
METHODS:Model rabbitswith ful-thickness skin defects in the back were treated with bletila carrying exogenous rhEGF (combined treatment group), bletila, rhEGF, or saline (control group).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The time of wound healing was the shortest (P< 0.05) and the wound healing rate was the highest (P< 0.05) in the combined treatmentgroup. On postoperative days 3 and 10, newly formed granulation tissue, capilaries, and colagenous fibersshowed by hematoxylin-eosin staining staining and Masson staining and the strongest immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor determined by immunohistochemical staining were found in the combined treatment group (P< 0.05). These findings confirm that bletila carrying exogenous rhEGF promotes wound healing by accelerating the forming of granulation tissue, new-born capilaries, and colagenous fibers, and the effects are superior to either of them alone.

A new organic-soluble co-reactant of N,N,N’,N’-tetrakis(propyl)-pentanediamine (TPPD) was synthesized and co-immobilized with tris ( 2, 2’-bipyridine ) ruthenium ditetrakis ( 4-chlorophenyl ) borate ([Ru(bpy)3][4-(Clph)4B]2) on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode for electrochemiluminescent (ECL) study. The hydrophobicity of TPPD prevented its leakage from the electrode surface, thus the long-term stability of the ECL electrode was enhanced. The TPPD/[Ru(bpy)3][4-(Clph)4B]2 modified-ITO electrode exhibited strong, stable and reproducible ECL signal. The ECL signal could be quenched efficiently by phenol with a quenching efficiency of 95. 4% in the presence of 0. 1 mmol/L phenol, demonstrating the potential of the modified electrode in determination of phenolic compounds. The transient-state of the electrogenerated chemiluminescence reaction was also investigated, which revealed that the TPPD/[Ru(bpy)3][4-(Clph)4B]2 modified-ITO electrode had a longer lifetime than conventional TPA-Ru(bpy)2+3 co-reactant system.

Aneurysm, False ; pathology ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Sphenoid Sinus ; pathology ; Young Adult

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Psoriasis ; diagnosis ; pathology

This study is to screen the Chinese herbal compounds which could inhibit the production of Abeta and investigate the underlying mechanism. Ten types of compounds which have potential value in the treatment of AD were selected as initial screening trial. The cell models which used could overexpress Abeta and beta-secretases or Abeta and gamma-secretases. Extracellular Abeta was determined by ELISA after the cell models treated with different concentrations of compounds (0.5-100 micromol x L(-1)), separately. Then the compounds were selected which could inhibit extracellular Abeta and their best concentration ranges were decided, too. Furthermore, the cell viability and apoptosis rate, the level of intracellular Abeta, beta and gamma-secretases were determined after the cell models treated with different concentrations of selected compounds. The results showed that 4 of the 10 compounds could reduce the level of extracellular Abeta; they were cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin, and their best concentration ranges were 0.5-5.0, 0.5-5.0, 5.0-50, 1.0-25 micromol x L(-1), respectively. Further study indicated that the 4 selected compounds were nontoxic to the cellular models and lowering intracellular Abeta were more effective compared with extracellular; of which astragalosides and gastrodin showed dose-dependent inhibition to the activities of beta and gamma-secretases, with the maximum inhibiting rates of 78.2% and 80.3%, respectively. In conclusion, cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin could inhibit the expression and secretion of Abeta, and the underlying inhibiting mechanism of astragalosides and gastrodin were related with the reduction of the beta and gamma-secretase activities, respectively.

BACKGROUND: Studies are very few regarding the specific reaction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to activated microglia. Moreover, it remains unclear how MSCs maintain dopaminergic neuronal survival under specific microenvironment.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of BMSCs stimulated by activated microglia on dopaminergic neuron survival.METHODS: BMSCs were isolated from Wistar rats by attachment method, and in vitro cultured; microglia was activated, and dopaminergic neurons were cultured by enzyme digestion method. The experiment included 5 groups: BMSCs, microglia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+microglia; BMSCs+LPS+microglia groups, in which the dopaminergic neurons were cultured with corresponding culture medium; the dopaminergic neurons alone group was cultured with 10% fetal bovine serum+ DMEM/F12. The effect of different microenvironment on dopaminergic neuron survival and gliocyte-derived neurotrophic factor released from BMSCs were detected by immunofluorescence technique.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The release of gliocyte-derived neurotrophic factor in groups involving BMSCs was greater than corresponding control group. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence showed that neuronal survival of dopaminergic neurons alone group was 15%, microglia group was 10%, LPS+microglia was 5%, but BMSCs+LPS+microglia group was 28%, significantly greater than the other groups (P < 0.05). In addition, survival of in vitro cultured dopaminergic neurons was decreased with increasing culture duration, but the survival of dopaminergic neurons in group involving BMSCs was significantly greater than corresponding control group. This indicates that microglia activation stimulated BMSCs to upregulate gliocyte-derived neurotrophic factor to prevent dopaminergic neurons from toxic injury, and inhibit delayed death of dopaminergic neurons.