OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of blood concentration monitoring for cyclosporin A (CsA) in renal transplant recipients who have survived for more than three years, thus to investigate the relationship between CsA dose, blood concentration interindividual variability and gender and age, and to determine the possibility of decrease CsA dose and blood concentration by new triple therapeutic protocol, and to analyses the relationship between postoperation time and ρ2 and ρ0. METHODS: The blood concentrations of CsA of 97 patients (1 780 cases) were determined by FPIA method. The relationships between time after surgery, gender, age, immunosuppressive strategy and blood concentration of CsA were analyzed. RESULTS: The blood concentration and dose of CsA decreased with time after surgery, with significant inter-individual difference. The doses for female patients were larger than those for males in the early days after surgery, and then became smaller than male in later time, with no statistical significant difference. Under similar doses, the blood concentrations of CsA in females were lower than those in males, but with no significant difference. Twentyfour months after transplantation, significant difference of blood concentration was revealed between female and male patients (P < 0.05). With increasing age, the dose and blood concentration decreased in the two groups. The dose and blood concentration of CsA in patients elder than fifty years were lower than those in patients younger than fifty years in the same period after surgery. Compared with the old triple therapeutic protocol group, the dose of CsA and blood concentration decreased in the new triple therapeutic protocol group with significant difference. The ρ2 and ρ0 decreased following the time after operation with reduction of CsA dose. CONCLUSION: Significant individual difference exists in the dose and blood concentration of CsA in patients after renal transplantation. Multianalysis of the clinical feature of patients should be performed to adjust the therapeutic protocols, thus to achieve personalized pharmacotherapy and the best treatment results.

Objective To study the relationship between soluble CD147 (sCD147) level in peripheral blood and serum lipid level and explore the effect of sCD147 on atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods The level of sCD147 in 36 patients with RA,36 patients with coronary artery disease (CAHD) and 30 healthy volunteers was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .The disease activity score (DAS28) in RA patients was evaluated and the correlation between sCD147 level and DAS28 score was analyzed.The serum lipid level of RA patients was detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer and the cor relation between sCD147 level and serum lipid level was analyzed.Results The level of sCD147 in serum of RA patients was significantly higher than that in patients with CAHD and healthy volunteers,sCDI47 level in the RA group with high DAS28 score was significantly higher than that with low or medium DAS28 score.In RA patients,elevated total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) level was positively correlated with serum sCDI47 level (r=0.84,P＜0.05;r=0.87,P＜0.05;while slightly elevated,normal TC and normal TG had no correlation with serum sCDI47 level (r=0.41,P=0.21;r=0.14,P=0.57;r=0.49,P=0.87).Elevated or slight ly elevated LDL-C was positively correlated with serum sCD147 level (r=0.86,P＜0.05;r=0.81,P＜0.05), while no correlation could be found in the group with normal LDL-C level (r=0.78,P=0.22).The high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level decrease in RA patients had no correlation with serum sCD147 level (r--0.04,P=0.96;r=0.13,P--0.87).Conclusion sCD147 may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA and associate with disease activity.Elevated sCD147 level may be associated with abnormal serum lipid in RA.

Objective:To compare the difference and correlation of HPLC and enzyme-multiplied immunoassay test( EMIT) for the determination of CsA in human whole blood. Methods:A total of 119 clinical samples at different concentrations of CsA were collected and respectively determined by HPLC and EMIT. The difference and correlation of the two determination methods were investigated. Results:There was significant difference in the blood concentrations of CsA determined by HPLC and EMIT(P<0. 05). CsA concen-tration determined by EMIT was 26. 2 ng·ml-1 higher than that determined by HPLC, and 95% CI was (14. 6-37. 7) ng·ml-1 . A satisfactory correlation was achieved between the two methods(r=0. 997 4). Conclusion:There is statistically significant difference in the CsA concentration in whole blood respectively determined by EMIT and HPLC. Attention should be paid to CsA monitoring by E-MIT and HPLC, and relevant adjustment should be carried out.

OBJECTIVE To enhance the rational usage of antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients by comprehensive interventional measures in clinics.METHODS The selected indictors recommended by WHO were applied to evaluate the use of antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients.The hospital information was gained from hospital administration section.The prescription and treatment data were collected from the discharged patients′ medical history.Intervention was involved in managerial and educational strategies.RESULTS After intervention,the average number of antimicrobial agents prescribed per inpatient fell from 2.13 to 1.97.The average cost of antimicrobial agents prescribed per inpatient fell from 1765.23 yuan to 1136.18 yuan(P

Objective To investigate the effects of pancreatic kininogenase on pressure,myocardical fibrosis and serum nitric oxide (NO) level in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods Twenty-four (fifteen weeks) male SHR were randomly divided into three groups:SHR group,pancreatic kininogenase group and captopril group(n=8 ),8 male Wistar kyoto rats with normal blood pressure were considered as control group. Pancreatic kininogenase was given by peritoneal injection (7.2 U?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 ), captopril was given by intragastric administration(10 mg?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 ), the rats in SHR group and rats with normol blood pressure in control group were treated with 0.9% NaCl(2 mL?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 )administered through peritoneal injection. After four-week experiment, the pressure was measured in rats througth carotid artery,then the rats were sacrificed , and LVMI,CVF,PVCA and serum NO level were measured. Results In SHR group, SBP,LVMI,CVF and PVCA were higher, serum NO level was decreased obviously than those in control group (P0.05). Conclusion Pancreatic kininogenase can obviously reduce the blood pressure and reverse myocardial fibrosis,its mechanism may be concerned with the increasing of NO level in SHR.

Objective To investigate the effects of sinomenine on hind limb ischemia?reperfusion ( I∕R) injury and expression of Bcl?2 and Bax in skeletal muscle cells of rats. Methods Fifty?four healthy adult male Wistar rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 180-220 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=18 each) using a random number table: sham operation group ( group S) , group I∕R and sinomenine group ( group SIN) . The rats were subjected to 4 h of ischemia on the proximal part of the right hind limb using elastic rubber bands followed by reperfusion in I∕R and SIN groups. Sinomenine 60 mg∕kg was injected intraperito?neally at 30 min before reperfusion in group SIN, and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of sinomenine at 30 min before reperfusion in S and I∕R groups. Immediately after onset of reperfusion and at 4 and 24 h of reperfusion, blood samples were collected from the cardiac apex to measure the concentra?tions of serum lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and creatine kinase ( CK) . The animals were sacrificed imme?diately after blood sampling, and the gastrocnemius specimens of the hind limb were immediately removed for determination of the wet to dry weight ratio ( W∕D ratio) and expression of Bcl?2 and Bax in gastrocnemi?us cells ( by immunohistochemistry) and for examination of the pathological changes after haematoxylin and eosin staining. The Bcl?2∕Bax ratio was calculated. Results Compared with group S, the gastrocnemius W∕D ratio and concentrations of serum LDH and CK were significantly increased, the expression of Bcl?2 was significantly down?regulated, the expression of Bax was significantly up?regulated, and the Bcl?2∕Bax
ratio was significantly decreased in I∕R and SIN groups ( P<0?05) . Compared with group I∕R, the gastroc?nemius W∕D ratio and concentrations of serum LDH and CK were significantly decreased, the expression of Bcl?2 was significantly up?regulated, the expression of Bax was significantly down?regulated, and the Bcl?2∕Bax ratio was significantly increased in group SIN ( P<0?05) . The pathological changes of the gastrocne?mius were significantly attenuated in group SIN as compared with group I∕R. Conclusion Sinomenine can attenuate hind limb I∕R injury, and the mechanism may be related to maintenance of the balance between Bcl?2 and Bax and to inhibition of apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells of rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of sorafenib plus Capecitabine in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: 20 patients (treatment group) were assigned to take sorafenib 200 mg bid for 3 consecutive weeks plus capecitabine 1 500 mg? m-2?d-1 for l4 days followed by 7 days discontinuation in 3-week treatment cycle. 22 patients in the control group only received Capecitabine 1 500 mg?m-2?d-1 for l4 days followed by 7 days discontinuation in a 3-week treatment cycle. Tumor response was assessed after 2-cycle treatment using modified WHO criteria. RESULTS: In the treatment group and the control group: the median survival times were 10.9 months and 7.2 months, respectively; the median time for tumor progression was 6.8 months and 4.3 months, respectively; the overall response rates were 20.0% and 9.1% respectively; the clinical benefit rates were 70.0% and 40.9%; the ?-foetoprotein (AFP) reduction rates were 65.5% and 39.0%, respectively. The toxicities were not significant between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Sorafenib plus Capecitabine is safe and effective for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Objective: To study the effect of new photosensitizer Chlorophyl-derivative (CPD4) combined with Adriamycin on cell cycle and cell proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and to investigate the mechanism of combination therapy. Methods: A new type of photosensitizer and traditional chemotherapy drug Adriamycin (ADM) were used to treat breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Flow cytometry was employed to detect apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution in ADM group, group with photodynamic effect and the combined group. The influence of ADM on the mean fluorescence intensity and the changes in the mean fluorescence intensity after CPO4 (1.5μg/mL) treatment were analyzed. Results: The apoptosis rate of the combination group was higher than that in the other two groups, with statistical significance (P＜0.01). Photodynamic effect caused G_0/G_1 phase arrest in MCF-7 cells. Low concentration of ADM increased the number of G_2/M phase cells. The percentage of G_2/M phase cells was increased in the combination group. No significant difference was found in the mean fluorescence intensity between ADM pretreated MCF-7 cells for 24 hours and 48 hours and the control group (P＞0.05). Pretreatment of MCF-7 cells with ADM increased the volume of photosensitizer CPD4 into the cells. The mean fluorescence intensity at 2 hours after CPD4 incubation was the highest. Conclusion: ADM can increase the amount of CPD4 into the MCF-7 cells. Photodynamic therapy com-bined with Adriamycin has a synergistic effect on MCF-7 cells.

Background Oxidative stress is thought to be responsible to diabetes-complicated cataract.Our previous study demonstrated that as an iron chelator,deferiprone can protect lens from oxidative damage.Objective This further study aimed to investigate the role of deferiprone on the formation of diabetic-complicated cataract.Methods Forty 6-week-old Wistar rats were included in the study and randomized into 4 groups.Eight of them were used as the normal control group.Diabetes mellitus animal models were established in 22 rats by the carbonhydratediet and fat diet and the intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg streptozocin (STZ).The deferiprone of 50 mg and 100 mg were intragastrically given in 8 model rats respectively after 3 days once a day for 8 weeks.The opacification of lenses was examined under the slit lamp weekly after treatment.The animals were sacrificed and the lenses were obtained at the eighth week of deferiprone injection.The concentrations of water-soluble protein ( WSP),urine-soluble protein (USP) and alkali-soluble protein (ASP) in rat lens suspension were detected by Bradford method.The super oxide dimutese (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined spectrometically using xanthine oxidase,thiobarbituric acid,dithio bis-nitrobenzoic acid.Results No evidently differences were found in the content of the WSP,USP and ASP among the these groups( F=1.73,0.18,0.09,P＞0.05).The contents of MDA in 50 mg deferiprone group and 100 mg deferiprone group were ( 1.05 ± 0.10 ) mmol/g and ( 1.05 ± 0.22 ) mmol/g respectively,showing a significant decline in comparison with diabetic model group (P＜0.05).The SOD and GSH contents in lens were (321.29±16.57) U/mg,(322.07±22.16) U/mg and (7.83±0.65 ) mg/g,(7.70±0.77 ) mg/g respectively in 50 mg deferiprone group and 100 mg deferiprone group and were considerably elevated in comparison with ( 298.70± 14.69 ) U/mg and ( 5.47 ± 1.01 ) mg/g of diabetic model groups ( P＜0.05 ).No significant differences were found in the indexes mentioned above between 50 mg and 100 mg deferiprone groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions Deferiprone can reduce oxidative stress and improve the energy metabolism of the lens in diabetic rats.