Objective To discuss the ultrasound diagnosis on the apophysis lesions of the gallbladder. Methods A retrospective analysis was made in 51 cases of polypoid lesions of gallbladder ultrasound char-acteristics of cases, clinical symptoms and pathological types. Results There were 43 cases of benign le-sious (39 cases of cholesterol polyp, 3 cases of adenomyosis, 1 case of inflammatory polyps), 8 cases of tumor lesions (5 cases of adenomatous polyp, 3 cases of malignant tumors). Among those patients with out clinical symptoms (n = 32) were for cholesterol polyps (P < 0. 05) while in, with symptomatic patients (21 cases), 8 were complicated with stone, 4 with ulcerative disease. Three cases (100%) with adenomyosis and 4 cases (80%) with adenomatous polyposis shouwed symptoms (P < 0. 05). Patients with multiple pol-ypoid lesions (22 cases), were benign lesions, and 95.5% were pathologlicdly cholesterol polyp. Seven ca-ses of ultrasound diagnosis of gallbladder polyps were pathologically diagnosed having polyp diameter smaller than 0.3 cm. Ultrasound showed gallbladder wall thickening in 6 cases, 3 with adenomyosis (wall thickness 0. 5 - 1.8 cm), 3 with malignant lesions in gallbladder (wall thickness 0. 5 - 1.2 cm). Conclusions For those patients ultrasound showed asymptomatic or multiple polyps of the gallbladder, cholesterol polyps are the most common type of lesion. Ultrasound is not sensitive to polypoid lesions of the gallbladder with diame-ter less than 0. 3 cm. Those with limited ultrasonic gallbladder wall thickening (>0. 5 cm) should pay more attention to the possibility of having malignant tumors and adenomyosis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods100 patients treated with HBO were taken as treatment group, and other 50 patients without HBO as control group. Their effectual rate were compared.ResultsThe total effectual rate of treatment group was 61%,and that of control group was 42%(χ2=4.86,P<0.05).ConclusionHBO can improve the recovery of nervous disorder after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of vancomycin in a hospital,and provide reference for the rational use of vancomycin. METHODS:Retrospective survey was conducted for the medical records of 180 inpatients using vancomycin from Jan. to Jun.,2015 in the hospital. The general information,usage and dosage and pathogenic examination were summarized,do-mestic vancomycin rational use evaluation criteria was conducted to evaluate the medication rationality,summarize and analyze cor-responding inappropriate questions. RESULTS:The vancomycin drug utilization index(DUI)of 180 cases was 0.88(mainly elder-ly patients);the microbial test sample submission rate was 84.44%(152 cases);there were 74 cases (41.11%) about the drug combination;32 cases(17.87%)about unauthorized use;37 cases(20.56%)about inappropriate use,in which inappropriate sol-vent(12 cases,32.43%)and inappropriate drug combination(11 cases,29.73%)were the main types. CONCLUSIONS:The clin-ical application of vancomycin is good with no abusing phenomenon,and the microbial inspection rate is qualified in the hospital. But there still exists some problems or shortcomings when using vancomycin,it is necessary to further standardize the medication monitoring of vancomycin to ensure patients’safety.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare nifedipine sustained-release hydrogels and to study their drug release in vitro.METHODS:Nifedipine sustained-release hydrogels were prepared by complex coacervation.An orthogonal experiment was performed with chitosan,concentration of sodium alginate,mixing speed and the volume ratio of chitosan solution to sodium alginate solution as factors.Meanwhile,the dissolution rate of the prepared hydrogels was determined by basket-rotating method,and pH-sensitivity of the released drug in different pH medium was investigated.RESULTS:The optimal technical condition was as follows:the concentration of chitosan was 0.4% and that of sodium alginate was 1.5%;the mixing speed was 160 r?min-1;the volume ratio of chitosan solution to sodium alginate solution was 6:1.The dissolution rate of sustained-release hydrogels containing nifedipine was 13.43% in simulated gastric fluid(pH 1.5) at 4 hours,which stood at 52.30% at 4 hours and 81.72% at 12 hours in simulated intestinal fluid(pH 6.8).CONCLUSION:The sustained-release hydrogels of nifedipine showed remarkable sustained-release properties and strong pH sensibility in vitro.

Effects of Lycium barbarian polysaccharide (LBP), Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), polysaccharide of Acanthopanax senticosus (PAS) and polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharide (PS) on cytotoxicities of LAK cells from splenocytes of C57BL/6 mices were observed with 18 h 125IUdR release assay. Our study demonstrated that the polysaccharides alone were shown to induce no cytotoxicities. When combined with rIL-2, all of 4 kinds of the polysaccharides augrnented LAK activities in dose-dependent manner. The augmentations reached the maximum at 0.01-0.1 mg ? ml-1 LBP, 0.01 mg ? ml-1 APS and PAS, 0.01 mg ? ml-1 PS. They were found to increase LAK activities in short range of rIL-2 concentrations (250-1000U? ml-1). If the polysaccharides were used beyond the suitable concentrations, they were shown to inhibit LAK cell activities.

Superoxide anion releasing from activated murine macrophages stimulated with recombinant human interferon-? (IFN-?), tumour necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and bacterial lipopolysaccharidc were studied. The results showed that both of the cytokines enhanced superoxide anion release in a dose and time - dependent manner, but lipopolysaccharide had no such an effect as compared with IFN-? and TNF-?. It was also shown that O2- generation from macrophages was highly enhanced after primed with IFN-? or TNF-? for 24 hours. It was concluded from these data that cytokines released from macrophages and lymphocytes during inflammatory reactions could promote O2- generation which may play a crucial role in destruction or kill of intracellular pathogenic bacteria, and tumour cells.

Objective:To determine the fluorine content in enamel before and after besmearing fluoride varnishes or fluorinated bubbles. Methods:Thirty patients whose deciduous central incisors will be extracted were divided into group a and b randomly. For the same patient, a pair of mandibular deciduous central incisor were chosen. For group a: one tooth was removed, and the other one besmeared with fluoride varnishes and removed 24 h later. For group b: one tooth was removed, and the other one besmeared with fluorinated bubbles and removed 24 h later. The fluorine contents in the enamel of every tooth were determined by neutron activation method and analyzed statistically. Results:For group a: the fluorine content in the experimental group was (142.78?42.25) ?g/g, and that in the control group was(119.62?38.62) ?g/g. For group b: (162.36?31.36) ?g/g and (126.56?38.42) ?g/g respectively. The fluorine content in the enamel of tooth besmeared with fluoride varnishes or fluorinated bubbles was higher than that in the control group(P

Objective To detect the change of precursor protein of sol in breast cancer before and after the neoadjuvant chemotherapy,so as to find the serum protein marker of chemotherapy drug resistance in breast cancer.Methods Breast cancer patients with Ⅲ period neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in the study.The serum specimens of the patients were obtained.Two-way gel electrophoresis was used to get the gel map before and after chemotherapy,then the image map was analyzed by gel analysis software.The differentially expressed proteins point was screened before and after chemotherapy.Serum protein differences were identified with matrix auxiliary laser disi ntegrate series time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS),including coagulation sol precursor protein.Western blot was used to test the variation trend of them before and after chemotherapy.Results Coagulation sol precursor protein levels fell after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resistance group.The variation trend of the results of western blot and that of the proteomics were consistent.Conclusion Coagulation sol precursor protein can be as the candidate serum marker of chemotherapy drug resistance in breast cancer.

Objective: To compare the extraction efficiency of imperialine extracted with different solvents. Methods: The content of imperialine in the extracts was determined by thin layer chromatography scanning. Results: Among the methods suitable for alkaloid extraction, the solvent ether chloroform 95% ethanol (25∶8∶2.5) is the best for imperialine extraction. Conclusion: The imperialine extraction efficiency is greatly affected by the extraction solvent.

This study is to investigate the influence and mechanism of action of asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the induced oxidative stress level on Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence. ADMA concentration, nitric oxide, Abeta(40)/Abeta(42) ratio, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity and the concentrations of the induced free radicals including malondialdehyde (MDA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 34 neurologically normal controls and 37 AD patients were quantitatively determined and statistically compared. The results showed that the ADMA concentration significantly decreased in AD patients, and it showed negative correlation with the NO, iNOS activity, and showed positive correlation with MMSE score. ADMA concentration was negatively correlated with Abeta(40)/Abeta(42) ratio (P<0.01) with the observation that Abeta(40)/Abeta(42) ratio increased while ADMA level decreased in CSF in AD patients. The concentration levels of MDA, 3-NT and ROS significantly increased compared with the control with all the P values less than 0.05. These findings suggested that the ADMA disorder and the oxidative damage effect of the induced free radicals in CSF of AD patients are an important mechanism of AD incidence, and their joint regulation may provide new idea for the prevention and clinical treatment of AD.