Compared with the traditional teaching methods,online to offline (O2O) interactive teaching mode has many advantages including online teaching in website,rich teaching resources,diverse methods,high learning efficiency.The application of this teaching mode in courses can effectively break the shackles of traditional teaching and significantly improve the teaching level and efficiency.As a humanistic curriculum with important characteristics,the main purpose of medical ethics is to cultivate students' ability to analyze clinical problems and to make judgments in the face of ethical dilemmas,which requires great participation of students.This is in line with the O2O teaching mode,purpose,and effect,so it can be an effective attempt to innovate the teaching method of medical ethics.

The reform of teaching of physical therapy, including increasing the participation of students and practice, encouraging the divergent thinking, can improve their perceptual knowledge, interesting, and understanding of rehabilitation.

OX40 (CD134) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptors and mainly expressed on the surface of active lymphocytes.Being an important pair of co-stimulatory factors in the process of immune response, OX40 and its ligand OX40L play an important role in inducing anti-tumor immune response.They regulate the immunosuppressive effect in tumor microenvironment and enhance the killing activities of effector cells.Pre-clinical animal studies have shown that agonists for OX40, whether they are used alone or in combination with other treatments, have stronger anti-tumor effects.Several anti-OX40 agonistic monoclonal antibodies (McAb) are currently tested in early phase cancer clinical trials.This review focuses on the advances in anti-OX40 mAbs-based therapy in terms of molecular and biological properties, mechanism of action, monotherapy and combined therapy.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that degradable polycaprolactone film has no apparent influences on cellular immune function of rat critical organs including heart, liver, and kidney, and possesses the prerequisite of anti-adhesion formation.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of degradable polycaprolactone film in preventing rat peritoneal adhesion following surgery.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The present randomized, controlled animal experiment was performed at the Department of Physiology, Jilin University.MATERIALS: A total of 120 male Wistar rats, weighing 180-220 g, were included in this study. Peritoneal adhesion was induced in all rats. Non-bio-degradable film was sourced from Wuhan Boster Company, China. Polycaprolactone film was purchased from U.C.C Company. England.METHODS: All 120 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 40 rats per group: control, non-bio-degradable film, and polycaprolactone film. Peritoneal adhesion was induced in all rats. The non-bio-degradahle film and polycaprolactone film groups were subjected to peritoneal wound cover with non-bio-degradable film and polycaprolactone film, respectively. From day 1 following surgery, each rat daily received an intraperitoneal injection of 4 mL 2 g/L pseudomonas enzyme, for a total of 3 successive days.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At 1, 3, 7, and 30 days following surgery, 10 rats were selected from each group for observation of peritoneal adhesion.RESULTS: Totally 120 rats were included in the result analysis. Peritoneal adhesion was successfully induced in rats from the control group. From day 7 following surgery, the peritoneal adhesion rate was significantly lower in the polycaprolactone film group than in the control group (P<0.01). In the non-bio-degradable film group, the peritoneal adhesion rate exhibited decreasing followed by increasing tendency; by day 30, the adhesion rate was significantly higher compared to the polycaprolactone film group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Polycaprolactone film is degraded by pseudomonas enzyme to avoid the new adhesion caused by foreign stimulation.

With the development of holistic nursing care and the deepening study of nursing management,it is necessary for us to introduce related ethical principles into nursing management.The most important ethic principles that should comply with nursing management include humanism principle,justice principle and harmony principle.

This article collects data of nursing staff from 34 hospitals in Shanghai by on-spot interview which could reflects the current situation of nursing human resource allocation there.The result shows a shortage of nurse staff'.Most of them are female and youthful,with lower diploma and lower job title.By analyzing the equity of allocation,the accessibility of health service and the rationality of staff structure,we give some advices that the government should allocate the nursing human resource rationally to insure the quality of nursing care and maintain the stableness of nursing staff team.

The purification system described in this paper includes two steps. The first step may be called "rough purification" by using potassium thiocyanate (KCNS) -alcohol fractionation precipitation method. The second step is "fine purification" by using Blue Dextran-sepharose 4B (BDS) column affinity chromatography methodThe experimental results showed that the optimum condition for precipitating the interferon (IFN) from the crude IFN solution could be made by adding 0.5M KCNS, and then adjusting pH to 4.0. The optimum pH values in separating out the IFN from acid alcohol-interferon solution were 5.5 to 7.2. The results between the salting out once and twice by KCNS were not significantly different. Centrifugation with centrifuge maintaining lower temperature with cold alcohol could be used instead of refrigerated centrifuge during purification. The IFN can be purified to about 106 international units per mg of protein with about 70% recovery on the first step of purification. In the IFN yielded on the second step of purification, the maximum specific activity of IFN in the collecting fractions was increased up to about 107 international units per mg of protein with a recovery rate of over 40%.The present experiments may offer the possibility in purifying the IFN for clinical use. The Suggested purification method will also render some valuable reference to purify other types of IFN.

A single intraperitoneal injection (ip) of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), polysaccharide of Acanthopanax senticosus (PAS) and Lychtm barbamm polysaccharide (LBP) at a dose of up to 10 mg/kg body weight could render splenocytes of adult C57BL/6 mice proliferate significantly higher than normal saline (NS)control. Splenocytes of LBP treated aged mice were 4 times higher than those of NS control of aged mice. The splenocytes of the mice treated with APS, PAS, LBP and NS were incubated with 125 - 1 000 U/ml rIL-2 for 4d in vitro, respectively. The cytotoxicity of LAK cells from the splenocytes of APS, PAS and LBP treated adult mice, in 18 h [125I]UdR release assay, were 70% ~ 120%, 20% -90%, 26% ~ 80% higher than that of the NS control, respectively. The dose of rIL-2 was reduced 75%, 50%, 50%, respectively, in vitro. The cytolytic activities of LAK cells from the splenocytes of LBP treated aged mice were 120%-200% higher than those of the NS control, and the dosage of rIL-2 was decreased more than 75% in vitro.

Adult Kunming mice were immunized with K562 and P815 by a single intraperitoneai injection at a dose of 5?104 cells/murine/d. Anti-P815 and anti-K562 antisera were prepared. Contents of anti-tumor antibodies in the antisera were proved to be high by means of ELISA assay. Splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from cancer patients were incubated with 125-1000 U/ml IL-2 for 4d. Anti-P815 activity of the LAK cells from C57BL/6 splenocytes was greatly enhanced in the presence of anti-P815 anti-serum at the early stage of culture of LAK and P815 together in 18h [125I]UdR release assay. Anti-K562 activity of LAK cells from PBL was also greatly enlianced by anti-K562 antiserum when the antiserum was added at the early stage of culture. Anti-tumor antibodies in the antisera, not complement and other cytokines, were responsible for the augmentation of NK and LAK cell activities.

Phakic intraocular lens implantation(PIOL)is one of the primary surgery fashions for correcting high myopia.The evaluation of visual quality following the surgery,including visual activity,contrast sensitivity,aberration and corneal Q value,is very important.Researches showed that the visual quality of patients after tradition laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)decreased because of the alteration of corneal aspherieity by laser excision cornea；while compared with LASIK,implantation of implantable contact lenses(ICL)is popular due to its excellent safety,effectiveness,reversibility and fewer complication.The visual quality after ICL is also superior than that of LASIK.Therein,the surgical project will furthermore be recommend for the high myopia patients.The purpose is to find the optimal strategy for the high myopia patients to get the best visual quality.