China ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Poliomyelitis ; prevention & control ; Poliovirus Vaccines ; administration & dosage

ObjectiveTo explore the neural basis of visual completion for the occluded faces.Methods2 types of visual stimuli were presented randomly: pictures of complete faces,pictures of incomplete faces(the occluded part was the left-top quadrant).Subjects were instructed to perform a gender discrimination task while event-related potentials(ERPs) were recorded.ResultsCompared with complete faces,incomplete faces enhanced the amplitude of N1 on the occipito-temporal scalp bilaterally,with the right hemisphere advantage.The peak latency of N2 elicited by incomplete faces was delayed compared with that of complete faces.ConclusionThe enhancement of N1 is related to visual completion processing that requires additional time.

ObjectiveTo investigate if there were potential components similar to auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) in the visual modality.MethodsEvent-related potentials (ERP) of 15 healthy adults were tested. Subjects were demanded to complete shape-matching task and double-matching task under 4 kinds visual stimuli including no-difference (Nd), contour-difference (Cd), shape-difference (Sd) and double-difference (Dd).ResultsWithin P1-N1 latent period (100～140 ms), three kinds of deviant stimuli (Cd, Sd, Dd) elicited a positivity, mismatch positivity (MMP). MMP amplitude elicited by Dd was a sum elicited by Cd and Sd (single-difference).ConclusionIn the visual modality, MMP elicited by warp stimulus may be an element similar to auditory MMN and reflect auto-processing of brain to visual stimulus.

ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into neuron-like cells in vitro.MethodsMSCs of Wistar rats were separated and cultured, and then induced with DMSO and BHA in vitro. The specific marking proteins of neurons, glia and neural stem cells were detected before preinduction, at 24h after preinduction, at 6h, 24h, and 48h after neuronal induction.ResultsAfter the inducement, many MSCs turned into bipolar,multipolar and taper,and then intersected as network structure. Nestin was strong positive at 6h after neuronal induction, and decreased at 24h, 48h after the induction. NeuN was present at 6 h after neuronal induction, and increased at 24h, 48h after the induction.ConclusionMSCs can be induced into neural stem cells(NSCs) at first, and then differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro.

BACKGROUND:Currently, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s can differentiate into nerve cel s via many approaches. Different methods for inducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s differentiating into nerve cel s have different ratios. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the difference between chemical method and co-culture method to induce the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into nerve cel s. METHODS:Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were isolated and purified using whole bone marrow culture method, and then randomly divided into two groups:chemical group,β-mercaptoethanol was added;co-culture group, co-cultured in a Transwel chamber. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Visible protrusions from induced cel s showed radiation growth at 1 week of induced culture, and neuron-specific enolase staining was positive at 2 weeks of culture. Star-like structure of nerve cel s was visible in the co-culture group within 4-5 days of culture, and then more protrusions formed. Meanwhile, the positive rate of neuron-specific enolase was (70.82±2.46)%. After 6-7 days of culture, neuron-like cel s formed and were interconnected in the chemical group;while, the positive rate of neuron-specific enolase was (52.37±1.83)%. These findings suggest that cel microenvironment plays a leading role in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into nerve cel s, and chemical induction method is inferior to the co-culture method.

BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite has been widely used as reconstructive and prosthetic material for osseous tissue, owing to its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. But, its brittleness is one of the most serious obstacles for its wider applications as load-bearing implants. Therefore, hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites have been widely studied as bone substitute, due to their excellent biocompatibUity and suitable mechanical properties.OBJECTIVE: To review various preparation methods of hydroxya patite/chitosan composites and the development trend in this field.METHODS: Articles were searched in Medline Database (1995-01/2009-03), VIP Database (1995-01/2009-03) and "qinghuatongfang" Database (1995-01/2009-03) with the keywords of "nano-hydroxyapatite, chitosan, preparation, development trend".RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Total 2 034 related articles were collected, including 1 634 in Chinese and 670 in English. Following excluding earilier published, duplicate, and similar studies, we brought into 37 sub-standard literatures. Hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite in nanometer size, with similar structure as natural bone, has better biological function compared with corresponding micrometer composite. Simultaneously, optimized material composition, structure and technology will obtain more suitable bone substitute in mechanical property compared with natural bone. This paper reviews preparation methods at home and abroad in recent years, with the rapid development of biological materials, hydroxyapatite compositematerials have been wisely used in bone tissue repair and replacement surgery, but its poor mechanical properties limits its clinical application.

Objective To observe the safety and efficacy of the SLIPA mask airway in the cesarean section operation under general anesthesia.Methods Fifty single birth pregnant women who underwent cesarean operation under general anesthesia were randomized into 2 groups.SLIPA mask group(group S,25 cases)and endotracheal intubation(ETT)group(group T,25 cases).Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),partial pressure of carbon dioxide in end expired gas(P_(ET)CO_2),peak airway pressure(Paw)were measured before induction of anesthesia,just before intubation,2min after intubation,just before extubation,2 min after extubation.Bucking,style,reflow,vomiting,aspiration were observed at inmbation or SLIPA mask airway insertion,before and after extubation and intraoperative.Umbilical arteries and veins blood were collected at delivery for the blood gas analysis.All delivery times,operation time and Apgar scores at 1,5 min were recorded.Results The successful rate ofthe first time intubation was 100% in group S,there was 2 cases by the second time intubation in group T.There Was 3 cases with gently air leak,but no influence on respiratory management.After intubation and extubation,MAP and HR increased significantly in group T (P<0.05),while group S had no significant change.There was no occurrence of bucking,style,reflow,vomiting,aspiration intmoperative,but 17 cages occurred at extubation in group T.The incidence and degree of sore throat in group T(10 cases after 2 hours and 6 cases after 24 hours) were significantly higher than those in group S(P<0.05).The Apgar scores at 1,5 min and delivery times were not significant between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion There is less adverse effects of SLIPA mask airway than ETT under general anesthesia in the cesarean section operation,SLIPA mask airway is safe and efficacious.

Objective To study MRI characteristics of the gray matter lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and to investigate the occult damage in normal appearing gray matter (NAGM) by quantitative analysis using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods Conventional brain MRI and DTI were performed in 34 clinically defined MS patients and 25 non-MS healthy volunteers. Main signs of the GMlesions detected by conventional MRI were analyzed, including the distribution, numbers, shape, size,signal intensity and enhanced pattern. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values derived by DTI were measured in normal appearing deep gray matter for all participants and the differences between the two groups were compared. Results MRI examination revealed 83 lesions in cerebral gray matter, 18. 7% of the total 443 lesions. The GM lesions distributed over all brain lobes especially in frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and thalamus. Thirty-four, 60, 78, and 36 plaques were detected on T1WI, T,2WI, FLAIR, and reconstructed DWI images, respectively. Nine small lesions were identified on DWI more easily than on T2WI and FALIR. The ADC values of the head of caudatum (8. 0±0. 7) ×10-4mm2/s, t=-3.079, P<0.05), putamen (7.4±0.5)× 10-4mm2/s, t= -2.564, P<0.05),and thalamus (7.7± 0. 4) × 10-4mm<'2>/s, t = -2. 722, P < 0. 05) in MS group were significantly higher than those in healthy controls [ the ADC values of head of candatum (7.4 ± 0. 6) × 10-4 mm2/s, putamen(7.0±0.5) ×10-4 mm2/s,and thalamus(7.2±0.7)×10-4mm2/s]. Conclusions This study confirms the presence of GM damage in MS. It shows MRI characteristics of the macro-lesions, and combination of FLAIR and DWI can improve the detection of GM lesions. Occult micro-change in NAGM can be evaluated by using DTI quantitative analysis.

BACKGROUND:Autologous hard palate mucosa has been validated to be a substitute of the tarsal conjunctival. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the treatment outcomes of autologous hard palate mucosa applied in the eyelid reconstruction. METHODS:180 patients (180 eyes) with eyelid defects aged 10-63 years old were recruited, including 122 males and 58 females, and subjected to the transplantation of autologous hard palate mucosa. In the same time, flaps were designed and transferred into the defected eyelid soft tissues. All patients were followed up for over 3 months to observe the treatment outcomes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Three months after surgery, viscous secretions were found in the implanted region and conjunctival sac, which were relieved and eliminated by usage of antibiotic drops. All implanted hard palate mucosa survived within 1 year, neither infections nor falling off occurred, and blood vessels growth into the implant-tissue conjugation that inosculated with the host vessels presenting no rejection. The implants revealed different degrees of shrink in 132 patients, but the eye function was normal. During the hospitalization, some uncomfortable feeling such as eye pain had been relieved, and the wound showed no infections and healed well. During the follow-up, there were eight patients with slight lower eyelid ectropion and three with hypophasis. The length or height difference of both eyelids was within 2 mm, except those who lost eye bal s. These results suggest that autologous hard palate mucosa achieve satisfactory outcomes in the eyelid reconstruction and possesses good histocompatibility.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Catgut ; utilization ; Female ; Humans ; Lactation ; Lactation Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Postpartum Period ; physiology ; Qi ; Young Adult