The lymphatic vessel is one of the earliest routes for systemic neoplastic metastasis. But reports on research of the lymphatic vessel have been few compared to the study for tumor vessels. In the past few years,along with advances in understanding about the construction features of the lymphatic system,work has been done to determine the anatomic fundamentals of lymphatic metastasis. Many new specifi c markers of the lymphatic endothelium had been reported, which is useful to differentiate lymphatic vessels from capillary vessels. The lymphatic vessels are usually found in the animal tumor models, human tumors and peritumoral tissues. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of lymph-angiogenesis has been discovered, which provide effective targets for anti-lymphatic metastasis of malignant tumors, make optimization of individualized treatment strategy possible to restrain lymph-angiogenesis of malignant tumors and so it could benefi t in improving patients' prognosis and survival.

Animals ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Chickens ; Drosophila ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Mice ; Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Phosphorylation

Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Analysis

Adult ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; chemically induced

Follow-Up Studies ; Survival Analysis

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians

Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Female ; Glycogen Storage Disease ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver ; pathology

Catheter Ablation ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Kidney ; innervation ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiopathology

Background and purpose: Infiltration and metastasis are characteristic of the biological behavior of cancer. Blood circulation and lymphatic spread are two important ways for neoplasm metastasis. The lymphatic vessel is one of the earliest routes for solid neoplasm metastasis. However, compared to tumor blood vessels, there were only a few studies on the research for lymphatic vessel spread. In recent years, with the identification of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), VEGF-D and lymphatic endothelial markers including lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), glomerular podocyte membrance mucoprotein (podoplanin) and the homeobox transcription factor (Prox-1), lymphangiogenesis has become one of the important areas in the study of tumor metastasis. This paper was to study the expression of proprotein convertase (PC)5, PC7, VEGF-C, VEGF-D and their receptor VEGFR-3 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their clinico-pathoiogical value. Methods: Twenty specimens of the NSCLC, peritumoral tissues as experimental group and nine pulmonary benign diseases as control group were studied. The expression of PC5, PC7, VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 mRNA in specimens of those tissues were studied by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time quantitative RT-PCR). Results: ①The expressions of PC5, PC7, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-3 mRNA in specimens of NSCLC were significantly higher than those of the peritumoral and pulmonary benign diseases tissues (P