Objective To understand whether or not artesunate (Art. ) combined with naphtho-quine (Nap. ) can delay the resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to Art. Methods In Group A, P. falciparum was cultured in culture medium and was stimulated by Art/Nap disconnectedly, and in Group B, stimulated by Art disconnectedly. When P. falciparum recovered to normal growth level, the changes of sensitivity (ID50) to the drugs were compared between the two groups after P. falciparum touched on the drug. Results In Group A, the times P. falciparum recovered to normal growth level were 24, 37 d respectively when it contacted the drugs in the first and second times; P. falciparum didn't recover to normal growth level in 90 d when it contacted the drugs in the third time. In Group B, the times P. falciparum recovered to normal growth level were 16. 7 d (15-20) on average. ID50(s) of Art/Nap were 2.42/37.81, 1. 70/26.30 nmol/L before and 65 d after contacting the drugs in Group A; ID50(s) of Art were 9. 60, 30. 61, 85.12 nmol/L before and 68 and 129 d after contacting the drug in Group B. Conclusion Artesunate-resistant P. falciparum can be cultured by touching artesunate at intervals in vitro; Artesunate combined with naph-thoquine may delay the resistance of P. falciparum to artesunate in vitro.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of G487A polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) gene with hypertension in patients with coronary heart disease complicated by type 2 diabetes.

METHODSThis study was conducted among 167 patients with coronary heart disease complicated by diabetes mellitus. The polymorphisms of gene G487A ALDH2 were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragments length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). According to the genotypes, the patients were divided into GG group (n=105) and GA/AA group (n=62), and the incidence of hypertension, risk factors of hypertension, systolic and diastolic pressures, and pulse pressure indexes were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust the effects of the confounding factors.

RESULTSThe incidence of hypertension in GA/AA group was significantly higher than that in GG group (P<0.05), and the former group showed a significantly greater differences between systolic and pulse pressure; the diastolic pressure was comparable between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that GA/AA was associated with an increased risk of hypertension in synergy with high insulin level and insulin resistance.

CONCLUSIONALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism may be associated with hypertension in patients with coronary heart disease complicated by type 2 diabetes, and the patients with an A allele have a greater risk of developing hypertension.

Aged ; Alcohol Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Coronary Disease ; complications ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE To interpret Teacher Training Syllabus for Clinical Pharmacist Training Program （2023 edition） （hereinafter referred as to the “new syllabus”）， and to provide reference and guidance for promoting the implementation of the new syllabus and realizing the quality-improving goal of the reform of the clinical pharmacist teacher training program initiated by China Hospital Association. METHODS From the perspective of the management and based on the position of the designer， the new syllabus was interpreted from four aspects： the background of its compilation and release， the process of its compilation and its characteristics， the key improvements of the program and the points for attention about its subsequent implementation. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The development and release of the new syllabus provide a “construction blueprint” for the reform of the clinical pharmacist teacher training program of the China Hospital Association. The whole process of compiling the new syllabus is characterized by four basic features： theory-led， goal-oriented， research-based， and synergistic. Compared with the previous syllabus， in addition to the adjustment of the text structure，the new syllabus presents more complete and clearer competence requirements for clinical teaching competence in terms of training objectives； in terms of training content， it further structures the group of task items， pays attention to the 育。E-mail：zhenjiancun@163.com sequential planning and time arrangement of items， and puts forward both quantitative and qualitative refinement requirements for each specific training task；in terms of training methods， it emphasizes the interaction of lecturing， demonstrating and guiding， and the progression of observation， operation and reflection， with the intention of guiding teacher trainees to “learn how to teach by teaching”. In the subsequent implementation of the new syllabus， it is necessary for the teacher training bases to attach great importance to the guarantee of training conditions and process quality management， and to organize the teacher training team to do a good job in the two training programs of “clinical pharmacist training” and “clinical pharmacist teacher training”. Based on further improving the connection between the two training programs， the teacher training team should continue to explore the scientific model of clinical pharmacist teacher training oriented by clinical teaching competence.