Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on controlling endemic fluorosis in Shaanxi Province between 2004 and 2006. Methods Hanbin, Pingli, Ziyang and Hanyin were selected for the investigation in 2004;in addition to the four areas, Zhengping, Shiquan and Langao were also for the investigation in 2006. Two schools were selected in each area, and 2 villages as the investigation spots. Fifty pupils in the fifth grade in each school, and 30 housewives between 25 - 50 years old in each village were chosen as the research subjects. Referring to the health education questionnaire in Technique Scheme of Endemic Disease Prevention Granted by Central Government of 2004, the degree of health education of endemic fluorine, arsenic poisoning in pupils and housewives were investigated. Results In 2004 and 2006, the average mark of pupils in school was 54.7 and 83.6, the pass rate was 57.5% (230/400) and 90.2% (629/697), respectively;the average mark of housewives was 59.7 and 83.9, the passing rate was 59.6% (143/240), 87.6%(338/386) respectively, indicating that the outcome was improved obviously in 2006 compared to that in 2004. Conclusions In the past three years, health knowledge of endemic arsenic and fluorosis has been improved among pupils and housewives in these areas.

Objective To investigate the distribution and projective feature of cat olivocochlear neurons. Methods Eleven adult cats were divided into two groups randomly. The experimental group of eight cats was injected of I% cholera toxin B (CTB) to the left cochlea, while injected of 5% fluoro gold (FG) to the right cochlea. The control group of three cats was injected of saline to bilateral cochlea. After a survival time of 7 days, serial frozen sections were cut in the cat brainstem. All the sections were processed by immunofluoreseent procedure for CTB and FG, and the labeled olivocochlear neurons were observed byfluorescent microscope. Results In the experimental group, the mean total of olivocochlear neurons labeled by CTB and FG was 3210 ± 168, including lateral olivocochlear neurons (LOC, 2298 ± 120) and medial olivocochlear neurons (MOC,913 ± 64). The labeled neurons were divided into three different types according to their feature of projection: neurons which only projected to the ipsilateral cochlea, neurons which only projected to the contralateral cochlea, and double-labeled neurons which projected both to the ipsilateral and contralateral cochlea, but the double-labeled neurons comprised 3.9% and 15. 1% in the LOC and MOC system respectively. No labeled neurons were found in the control group. Conclusions There are three types of neurons in the cat olivocochlear system. The neurons which projected to the bilateral cochlea may distribute both in the LOC and MOC system.

O bjective To understand the effects and clinical significance of the 2019 guidelines for the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) detection. Methods:According to the 2014 guidelines, 548 cases of invasive breast cancer with equivocal HER2 (2+) detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in Taizhou Enze Medical Center, Zhejiang Province, China from 2013 to 2019 were selected. The results of IHC and HER2/CEPl7 double-probe were reevaluated and divided into groups according to the 2019 guidelines for the comparative analysis.Results:Among the 548 IHC HER2 (2+) invasive breast cancers, the number of positive, equivocal and negative cases for HER2 were 96 (17.52%), 81 (14.78%) and 371 (67.70%), respectively, according to the 2014 guidelines. However, according to the 2019 guidelines, 10 cases (1.82%) were reclassified as IHC 1+, 2 cases in the group 2 were reclassified as negative, and all the originally equivocal cases in group 4 were reclassified as negative. Finally, the total number of positive and negative cases for HER2 were 94 (17.15%) and 454 (82.85%), respectively.Conclusions:After applying the 2019 guidelines, the number of IHC 2+ cases decreases, and the positive rate for HER2 also decreases slightly due to the reevaluation change in groups 2 and 4, leading to reclassification of the cases that were deemed equivocal according to the 2014 guidelines. In general, the new 2019 guidelines are more reasonable and easier to use.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of simvastatin on vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and Bcl-2 protein expression in the aorta in a rat model of atherosclerosis.

METHODSThirty-six rats were randomized into control group (n=10), atherosclerosis model group (n=13) and simvastatin intervention group (n=13). In the latter two groups, rat models of atherosclerosis were established by intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3 combined with high-fat feeding for 6 weeks, and the control rats were fed with regular diet. In the intervention group, the rats were further fed with high-fat diet with daily simvastatin treatment for 4 weeks. After the treatments, the pathological changes and plaque in the thoracic aorta were observed, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was detected with immunohistochemistry. TUNEL assay was used to determine the apoptosis index (AI) of the vascular endothelial cells.

RESULTSCompared with that in the control group, Bcl-2 protein expression in the aorta of atherosclerotic rats was significantly decreased (P<0.05); simvastatin treatment obviously increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein in atherosclerotic rats (P<0.05) to a level similar to that in the control group. The AI was the highest in the model group (P<0.05) and comparable between the control and simvastatin treatment group.

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of simvastatin against atherosclerosis is probably mediated by up-regulation of Bcl-2 protein, which inhibits vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in rats with aortic atherosclerosis.