The times of uptake and release of pilocarpine solution by soft contact lenses were studied with spectrophometer in vitro. The uptake time was about 30 minutes and the releasing time was stationary after 30 minutes. The lower concentriction of pilocarpine solution was generally rapid uptake and release than higher.
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic* ; Pilocarpine*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of topical pilocarpine on basic tear secretion, using the Schirmer test. METHODS: The Schirmer test was performed in 22 eyes of 11 healthy volunteers before instillation and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after instillation of 1% pilocarpine and in 22 eyes of 12 healthy volunteers before instillation and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after instillation of 2% pilocarpine. As for control group, the Schirmer test was performed in 22 eyes of 11 healthy volunteers by the same method except with normal saline. RESULTS: The ratio of tear secretion was calculated by dividing the wet length of a Schirmer strip after instillation by the wet length before instillation for comparative analysis. In the control group, the mean ratio decreased with time to 0.78 at 10 minutes, 0.64 at 20 minutes, and 0.63 at 30 minutes after instillation of normal saline. In the 1% pilocarpine group, the mean ratio decreased with time, but there was no significant difference in comparison to the ratio of the control group. In the 2% pilocarpine group, the ratio increased significantly to 1.28 (p<0.001) at 10 minutes, 1.07 (p=0.002) at 20 minutes, and decreased to 0.63 (p=0.041) at 30 minutes after instillation. CONCLUSIONS: The basic tear secretion did not change significantly after instillation of 1% pilocarpine but increased significantly at 10 minutes after instillation of 2% pilocarpine to the highest level observed, which was followed by a decrease in basic tear secretion.
Healthy Volunteers ; Pilocarpine* ; Tears*

No abstract available.
Neurosyphilis ; Pilocarpine ; Tonic Pupil

In order to research the clinical utility of Pilogel(R), we administered Pilogel(R) to 13 POAG(primary open angle glaucoma) patients once daily for four weeks and measured the degree of intraocular pressure reduction and accompanying side effects three days after; one week after; two weeks after; three weeks after and four weeks administration. 1. Administration of Pilogel(R) single dose at bed time produced the same effect of intraocular pressure reduction as that of 4% Pilocarpine eye drop four times a day. 2. Up to four weeks of daily administration of Pilogel(R) did not produced tachyphylaxis. 3. Degree of intraocular pressure reduction after administration of Pilogel(R) was maintained at the almost same level from days 3 up to 4 weeks. 4. The intraocular pressure reduction effect with pilogel(R) was maintained at the constant level for 18 hours following administration of it. 5. Once a day regimen of Pilogel(R) was proven to be more comfortable than the 4 times a day regimen of pilocarpine eye drop. And the side effect of Pilogel(R) was no greater than that of pilocarpine eye drop.
Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Pilocarpine* ; Tachyphylaxis

Two cases of typical granular corneal dystrophy, a girl of 22 years old and her younger brother of 18 years old, were observed clinically. Considerably active reaction of the pilocarpine test was observed on the case and the result was evaluated. References which cover various aspects of the corneal dystrophy were reviewed.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Pilocarpine ; Siblings ; Young Adult

For the management of glaucoma it is essential to be well acquainted with the administered drugs-especially with their modes of action as well as any adverse reactions that may be involved. We should precisely determine the types of the disease and administer adequate drugs to control promptly. When expected effects are not obtained. However, we should immediately substitute other drugs for the previous ones and try to treat by medical therapy if possible. Furthermore, it is important to consider the education of the patients carefully in order to cooperate with doctor's instructions, therefore preventing blindness caused by glaucoma. Recently, newer drugs such as Dipinefrine and Timolol. Which are not only more potent than Pilocarpine and Epinephrine even in lower concentrations but have fewer adverse reactions, were developed and have been partly used. In the future, these drugs may be commonly used. However, a more through investigation is still needed to justify their widespread use.
Blindness ; Education ; Epinephrine ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Pilocarpine ; Timolol

The changes in the choroidal blood flow induced by the intravenously administered miotics (pilocarpine, 1mg/kg) and mydriatics(atropine, O.1mg/kg) were investigated in rabbits with the use of the blood flow measuring apparatus according to the principle of Grayson's internal calorimetry, thermistors as sensing elements. Atropine caused slow increase in the choroidal blood flow after transient decrease, the maximal increase being about 85% of the pre-injection level. Pilocarpine also produced moderate increase of the blood flow by more than 100% of the original level. From these data it is concluded that both atropine and pilocarpine caused significant increase in the choroidal blood flow in rabbit.
Atropine ; Calorimetry ; Choroid* ; Miotics ; Pilocarpine ; Rabbits*

Using albino rabbits, auther studied pupillary response on various drugs after destruction of ciliary ganglion or its post ganglionic fibers. Right eye was used as experimental group and left eye was used as control group. After destruction of ciliary ganglion or its post ganglionic fibers on right eye, right pupil was larger than the left. By cocaine and mydriacyl test, intactness of sympathetic channel was confirmed and by 0.125% and 1% pilocarpine test, supersensitivity of right pupillary sphincter was demonstrated. So, the auther think 0.125% pilocarpine test is a useful method to test supersensitivity of the sphincter after destruction of parasympathetic channel.
Cocaine ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Pilocarpine ; Pupil* ; Rabbits

There are many factors affecting the outflow facility. Structural changes of aqueous outflow channel by ciliary muscle contraction play major role in the control of outflow facility. Although many studies on the physiology of outflow facility have been done by many authors, the lens effect on the ciliary muscle contractability has not been reported. We performed clear corneal phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation in 42 cataract patients and measured intraocular pressure(IOP) pre and postoperatively by Goldmann applanation tonometer and determined outflow facility with and without 2% pilocarpine before and after cataract surgery, respectively. We analysed IOP changes after surgery, and assessed ciliary muscle contractability by analysing outflow facility changes. Statistical analysis was done by Wilcoxon`s signed rank test. IOP decreased by 2.4+/-0.4mmHg(mean+/-SEM)(P<0.001): outflow facility with and without pilocarpine increased by 0.080+/-0.012microliter/min/mmHg(P<0.001) and 0.045+/-0.006microliter/min/mmHg(P<0.01), respectively after lens extraction: outflow facility increased 2.8+/-0.4 times by pilocarpine itself after lens extraction(P<0.001). The lens connected to the ciliary muscle muscle by zonnule may have an influence on ciliary muscle contractability.
Cataract ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Muscle Contraction ; Phacoemulsification ; Physiology ; Pilocarpine

Ocusert pilo-20 and pilo-40 are soft, flexible plastic devices, sized 13 X 5.7 X 0.3mm in pilo-20, and were inserted under lower or upper conjunctival fornices that gradually released pilocarpine in constant zero-order delivery rate for 7 days. A group of 11 patients(15 eyes) with simple open-angle gloucoma was selected for this study. 1. The Ocusert pilocarpine delivery system could be used effectively in simple open angl glaucoma patients who require lifelong instillation of pilocarpine. 2. The Ocusert system is released constantly the pilocarpine with round the clock intraocular pressure control for 7 days period. 3. After removal of the Ocusert after 7 days. intraocular pressure has gradually increased again after one day's interval. 4. While the Ocusert pilo-40 is placing into the conjunctival fornix, maximum reduction of intraocular pressure was under 20mmHg then the cases of high intraocular pressure over 40mmHg are not effective with single use of the ocusert. 5. Significant side-effect about the ocusert was not observed, only wild foreign body sensation in early time and occassional misplacement or moving of the Ocusert into deep space of upper conjunctival fornix, which is difficult to removal out are observed.
Foreign Bodies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Pilocarpine* ; Plastics ; Sensation