How members of the community perceive and respond to diseases and health problems are important variables to take into account when planning interventions and priorities in a health system. This paper summarizes some qualitative research undertaken in 2001 and 2002 in Papua New Guinea as part of the formative research for health promotion activity development for immunization, maternal health, tuberculosis and malaria services. It provides some highlights of the health beliefs and health-seeking behaviours amongst a range of urban and rural populations in a range of provinces in Papua New Guinea (PNG), and across a range of age groups including young adults. The findings reinforce that these health-related issues are seen by most of the population as important, although maternal health lags behind, especially in male respondents' perspectives. However, how they respond varies often with the planned health system interventions, and these differences need to be understood and addressed in order to increase the acceptability and efficiency of health services in PNG.