Objective To comparatively analyze the domestic and foreign sicentific product, academic impact and cooperation in toxicology from 1980 to 2015.Methods The countries, Chinese scientific research institutions and authors engaged in research of toxicology were analyzed according to the InCites-covered number of published pa-pers, cited papers and collaborations .The highly cited papers covered in Web of Sciene were analyzed by biblio-metric analysis.Results The number of papers on toxicology published by USA, Britian and Japan was greater than that published by other countries.The number of papers on toxicology published by China increased significantly and their academic level was notebly improved.Conclusion China should strengthen the subject system construc-tion, attach importance to frontier and retrospective analysis and international cooperation, speed up the develop-ment of toxicology and improve the academic level of its scientific achievements .

The dust mite-induced asthma in children is more common.Dust mite allergens generate persistent airway inflammation by the inhalation route into the airway.Dust mites easily stay in mattresses and pillows which are warm and humid.Home environment is the main place of children′s daily activities.Children who were exposed to dust mites in the home environment can be caused the occurrence and development of asthma.Family environment control,to a certain extent,can isolate allergens exposure.Parents are the defenders of family environment,so the parents with house dust mite allergen related knowledge,attitude and behavior will help to control the indoor dust mite levels.This article makes a brief review on dust mites related knowledge, children room environment dust mite exposure,parents with home environment control knowledge,attitude and behavior studies in recent years.

Objective To explore the pressure sources of new head nurses , so as to provide them the adapting interventions .Methods Face-to-face and semi-structured interviews of phenomenological method were carried out to collect data .Then, 7-step Colaizzi method and the theory of two-dimensional structure of pressure were used to analyze the data .Results The main challenge stressors of new head nurses were safety control of nursing, management ability, time management, interpersonal relationship and self-improvement.The main hindrance stressors were role maladjustment and lack of pre-job training.Conclusions Executives of head nurses should conduct pre-job training and give some guidance for new head nurses , so as to stimulate the promotion function of challenge stressors and eliminate the obstructive role of the hindrance stressors , in order to help them to adapt to the job as soon as possible .

Objective This study aims to monitor the mRNA ratio of podocin to nephrin (PNR) in glomerular podocytes of early diabetic kidney disease (DKD) rat models. The feasibility of using PNR as an early diagnostic indicator for DKD was evaluated by comparing it with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (U-ACR). Additionally, the early intervention effects of valsartan and fosinopril sodium on DKD were compared. Methods The DKD rat model was established by caudal intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dosage of 60 mg/kg. The early changes in PNR and U-ACR were monitored and compared, followed by timely intervention with valsartan and fosinopril sodium. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) was used to observe glomerular structure, while transmission electron microscopy examined the ultrastructure of glomerular podocytes. ResultsPNR reached the critical value(≥1) on day 9 after modeling, earlier than U-ACR, which reached the critical value(≥30 mg/g) on day 15. Intervention with valsartan and fosinopril sodium on day 9 after modeling significantly reduced U-ACR (P < 0.05), with low-dose valsartan showing better results than high-dose (P>0.05), while high-dose fosinopril sodium outperformed low-dose (P>0.05). Both low doses of valsartan and fosinopril sodium significantly reduced PNR (P<0.05), with no significant effect observed for high doses. The interventions with valsartan and fosinopril sodium improved and maintained glomerular structure and podocyte arrangement. ConclusionPNR changes earlier than U-ACR, indicating its potential as an early diagnostic marker for DKD in rats. Early intervention with valsartan and fosinopril sodium demonstrates a therapeutic effect on DKD in rats.