The research of 108 patients taken organophosphate to kill oneself who were treated by the new regimen in which, pralidoxime (PAM) were indicated according to poisoning level and adjusted by two factors: the change of plasma ChE and the adjustment of essential atropine dose. The results were compared with control groups including 54 patients treated by old regimen. Age, sex and ChE activity characteristics in 2 groups when hospitalized were the same. Compared with control group, the patients of study group received higher doses of PAM. The doses are very different between the patients depending on poisoning level. Therefore, predictive indicators in patient group were better than controlled group, especially the mortality rate (1.85% vs. 13%). The regimen achieved good results
Phosphoric Acid Esters ; Mortality ; Phosphoric Acid Esters ; Poisoning

The workers in insecticide factory generally are exposed to organophosphate insecticide chemicals while working in the plants. We have investigated the effects of organophosphate insecticides on the activities of some erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in the blood of the insecticide producing workers. The results: (1) erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were significantly depressed by 37.64% and 28.55%, respectively while serum cholinesterase (ChE) activity was only depressed by 13.47% as compared with an unexposed group; (2) erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was increased significantly; (3) serum total antioxidant status (TAS) was depressed by 9.86% (p>0.05). This preliminary study suggests that erythrocyte SOD may be a sensitive indicator of exposure to organophosphate insecticides.
Phosphoric Acid Esters ; Insecticides ; Erythrocytes ; Antioxidants

Both dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and trimethylphosphate (TMP) are organophosphorous compounds that can evoke sterility in male rodents. The following studies examined the pathology of reproductive organ, especially on the testis, by light microscopy after treatment with both agents. Adult male rats were treated per oral with DMMP, 1,750 mg/Kg, for up to 12 weeks and per oral with TMP, 400 mg/Kg for up to 5 weeks. After 5 weeks of treatment with DMMP there were occasional multinucleated giant cells composed of late spermatids in stages X, XI, XII as well as cytoplasmic vacuolation of Sertoli cell. Anachronistic spermiations were seldom, if ever, seen throughout the experiment. After 7 weeks of DMMP those were markedly diminished. The overall changes after treatment with TMP are somewhat similar to those treated with DMMP. The major changes were composed of aggregate of multinucleated giant cells and maturation arrest at spermatid level, which appear immediately after administration of TMP. The peak frequency in the emergence of multinucleated giant cells in treatment with TMP was noted just a week after treatment, but afterwards declined. Maturation arrest was prominent after 3 weeks in the cases treated with TMP.
Animal ; Comparative Study ; Male ; Organophosphorus Compounds/*toxicity ; Phosphoric Acid Esters/*toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatogenesis/*drug effects ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Testis/*drug effects/physiology