No abstract available.
Petrolatum*

BACKGROUND: The high rates of infestation, treatment failures and treatment costs have created the search for new therapies againts head lice.

OBJECTIVE: We compared the efficacy and safety of scalp occlusion with petroleum jelly (PJ) versus permethrin 1% shampoo against Pediculus humanus capitis among school-aged children

METHOD: Seventy-seven children were diagnosed with Pediculosis capitis. Thirty-eight subjects did eight-hour scalp occlusion with PJ, and 39 used permethrin shampoo, both followed by nit combing. Treatments were applied once weekly for three consecutive weeks. Patients were assessed at weeks 1,2,3 and 11. The primary outcome was the proportion of cured subjects and change in quality of life (QOL) scores om week 3 of follow-up. Cure was defined as the absence of variable lice on the hair/scalp or nits on the hair shaft attached within one centimeter from the scalp on visual examination.Secondary outcomes were relapse rate at week 11 ,cosmetic acceptability and adverse events. Effects on QOL were measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index at baseline and at the end of the third week of treatment.

RESULTS: At Week 3, cure achieved in 47% (18/38) in PJ group 52% (17/33) in permethrin group (RRR 6.7%, 95% Cl: -40.4% to 38%). Relapse rate in the 12th week were 44% (8/18) and 58% (10/17), respectively (p=0.486, Fisher's test ). The differences in treatment effects were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Petroleum jelly scalp occlusion was comparable in cure rates to permethrin. PJ can be a safe, affordable alternative to permethrin as a pediculicide.

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Petrolatum

Investigations were carried out into the time-and dose-related changes in acute skin reaction following graded single dose (20, 30 and 40 Gy) of x-ray irradiation in Wistar rats, in order to evaluate the radioprotective effect of Diethon on skin. For the duration of skin response over 1. 5 score in dose of 40 Gy, the Diethone group of 24.7 days was significantly different (p<0.02) from that of control (29.8 days) and vaseline (29.2 days) groups, it was 17.1% diminution of skin response period compared with that of control group. By the averaging daily scores for 10 days during peak skin reaction the mean scores were obtained. Mean score of Diethone group (2.43+/-0.22) was significantly different (p<0.01) from that of control (2.91+/-0.23) and vaseline (2.81+/-0.18) groups of 40 Gy dose. By iso-effect dose obtained at level of 2.5 score the dose reduction factor(DRF) was 1.41 which reduced radiation dose of 41% by radioprotective effect of Diethone. From this experimental data, it may be possible to give higher radiation dose to large and/or radioresistant tumor mass rather than conventional treatment doses for improving therapeutic ratio by using topical application of skin radioprotector.
Animals ; Petrolatum ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Skin*

BACKGROUND: Moisturize's were thought to increase the hydration of the outer layer of the epidermis. During recent years, new noninvasive methods for assessment of skin hydration have become available. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluat and compare the cutaneous hydration effect of three moisturizers (hydrophilic base, urea and petrolatum) in healthy females with dry leg skin. METHODS: The regression method was applied for evaluating and comparing the effect of moisturizers. The hydration state was evaluated by Skicon-200(R) and skin dryness was evaluated by Biosit's method. RESULTS: Three moisturizers improved the dry skin condition for the treatment period and for the 10 day regression period. Improvement of the hydrophilic base treated site continued for 20 days during the regression period and superior to petrolatum treated site. CONCLUSION: Three moisturizers improve the stratum corneum hydration state significantly and its improvement has been continued for about 14days after treatment. Hydrophilic base moisturizers showed a better effect than petrolatum based ones.
Epidermis ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Petrolatum* ; Skin ; Urea*

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of lid scrub with petroleum jelly versus lid scrub with tea tree oil and tea tree facial wash in patients with symptomatic blepharitis associated with above-normal Demodex counts Methods: Patients with symptomatic anterior blepharitis (AB), meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), or mixed blepharitis (MB) were recruited into the study. Pertinent data, including ocular symptoms and findings, were recorded. Digital photographs of the lid margins were taken. Lash sampling was done using the modified Coston method for lash epilation. Patients with below-normal Demodex counts (DC <5) were excluded while those with DC ≥5 were randomly assigned to one of either treatment regimen: (1) lid scrub with tea tree oil and tea tree facial wash (The Body Wash®, control group), or (2) lid scrub with petroleum jelly (Apollo Pure Petroleum Jelly®, study drug). Lid scrub with the tea tree oil (TTO) or petroleum jelly was administered at the clinic during the initial visit and at 2-week intervals thereafter for 6 weeks. Patients were instructed to apply tea tree (TT) facial wash or petroleum jelly at home on specified intervals daily. DC posttreatment was recorded, and digital photographs of the eyelids were taken at the end of treatment. Results: Thirteen patients were included in the study; 5 in the TTO and 8 petroleum jelly. In the TTO group, 3 patients had decrease in DC and 2 an increase, but all patients reported decrease in the severity and frequency of ocular symptoms. In the petroleum jelly group, 5 patients had decrease in DC after 6 weeks, while the remaining 3 had opposite results. All reported a general improvement in their symptoms. No adverse reactions were observed in either treatment groups. Conclusion Lid scrub with petroleum jelly caused a significant reduction (p<0.05) in Demodex counts compared to lid scrub with tea tree oil and tea tree facial wash. Petroleum jelly may have some effect in the eradication of Demodex mites in cases of Demodex-induced blepharitis. Although lid scrub with petroleum jelly and tea tree oil and tea tree facial wash both produced a decrease in Demodex counts and a decrease in the frequency and severity of ocular symptoms after 6 weeks of treatment, the presence of some conflicting results suggests that further studies with more patients should be initiated.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ; Petrolatum ; Tea Tree Oil

BACKGROUND: Human repeated insult patch tests (HRIPTs) are a final method for safety assessment of chemical ingredients. In the representative HRIPTs, the Shelanski and modified Draize require 200 participants, but the maximization and modified maximization tests require only 25. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of three sunscreen ingredients using the Shelanski and maximization methods. METHODS: Octylmethoxycinnamate, butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, and octyltriazone (BASF) were prepared for the induction, as 25% ointment in white petrolatum base. After a 2-3 week resting phase, patch and photopatch tests were conducted, but pretreatment with SLS was only performed in the maximization test. The results were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. RESULTS: During the induction phase, there were only two (4%) weak positive reactions observed with the Shelanski method, whereas all 25 displayed strong or extremely positive reactions with the maximization method. Butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane displayed the most frequent elicitation reactions; the patch and photopatch tests displayed weak positive reactions in four (2%) and six (3%), and in one (4%) and two (8%), with the Shelanski and maximization tests, respectively. Taking into account two of the six reactors displayed positive reactions to petrolatum with the Shelanski test, the actual number of positive patch test reactions would be four (2%). The difference in results of the two methods was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Although it is not easy to conduct HRIPT on 200 subjects, and the results from the two tests were not significantly different, the reactions from the maximization tests were too severe to be recommended in humans.
G0 Phase ; Humans* ; Patch Tests* ; Petrolatum ; Photosensitivity Disorders ; Sunscreening Agents*

PURPOSE: Recently, in an experiment using animals, radiation therapy using a laser or Tending Diancibo Pu (TDP) has been shown to be effective in treating scars on the skin by increasing the production of fibroblast cell and collagen and by accelerating the process of epithelization. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of TDP radiation therapy in treating human burn injuries in terms of the frequency of treatment, the timing of eschar separation, and the duration of treatment. METHODS: In the treatment group, the burn area of the patients was first sterilized with saline solution and potadin solution and covered with one vaseline gauze. Then, the burn area was radiated every other day by using TDP for 20 minutes at distance of 20-25 cm, at radiant plate temperature of 250-280oC. In the cases of control group, the burn area of the patients was first sterilized with saline solution and potadin solution and covered with one vaseline gauze. Then, the area was covered with one burn gauze and bandaged. The treatment was conducted every other day. RESULTS: In cases of superficial second degree burn injuries, the difference between the treatment and the control groups was 1.34 in terms of the frequency of treatment. In the cases of both superficial and deep second degree burns, the differences between the treatment and the control groups were 3.47 in terms of the frequency of treatment, 0.63 weeks in terms of the timing of eschar separation, and 6.03 days in terms of the duration of treatment. All these differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: From the experiment, it can be concluded that TDP radiation therapy is more effective in treating human burn injuries than conventional treatment in terms of the of the frequency of treatment, the timing of eschar separation, and the duration of treatment.
Animals ; Burns* ; Cicatrix ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Petrolatum ; Skin ; Sodium Chloride

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of intraoperative application of polyether ester urethane (Nasopore(R)) in endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. METHODS: Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy was performed on 77 eyes diagnosed with nasolacrimal duct obstruction between January 2010 and February 2011. Nasopore(R) was applied to the newly-formed internal lacrimal opening in the experimental group (41 eyes), and vaseline gauze was applied in the control group (36 eyes). For the evaluation of clinical effects regarding postoperative adhesion and stenosis of the internal lacrimal opening, subjective symptom improvement, lacrimal irrigation tests, and endoscopic examinations were performed at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, postoperatively. RESULTS: In subjective symptom improvement and lacrimal irrigation tests, differences between the 2 groups were not statistically significant. In endoscopic findings, the Nasopore(R) group showed significantly lower severity of adhesion and stenosis of the internal lacrimal opening at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month after operation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Application of the Nasopore(R) may effectively reduce initial postoperative adhesion or stenosis of the internal lacrimal opening after endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy and has usefulness as an auxiliary method.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Eye ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Petrolatum ; Urethane

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of white petrolatum-UVB therapy on patients with psoriasis. Nineteen patients with chronic plaque type psoriasis selected in the Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital were treated with white petrolatum followed by exposure to UVB. Clinical response to therapy was graded as follows: Grade 1: Minimal improvement, Grade 2: Definite improvement Grade 3 Considerable improvement, Grade 4: Clearing. We campared the clinical response according to involved site: trunk and extremity. A responsive case was defined as a case with G4 in trunk and/or extremities. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. Fourteen of the 19 patients(73. 7%) were classified as being responsive cases. 2. Among the responsive cases, the 11 cases of trunk lesion all showed G4 clea- ring. The extremities lesion cases showed G4 clearing in 9 out of 14 cases, the other 5 cases showing GR. This showed that the trunk lesions were more responsive to the treatment than the extremities lesions. 3. In the cases of trunk lesions, the mean number of therapy was 6. 3 for G2 response, 11. 2 for GR and 16. 7 for GR. In the cases of extremities lesions, the mean number of the therapy was 8. 6 for G2, 16. 1 for GR and 19. 2 for Gl. 4. Pruritus was a complaint in 13 patients (68. 4%) during therapy. Among them moderate to severe pruritus was noticed in 6 cases (51. 6%). From the above results the emollient phototherapy seems to be an effective therapy in the treatment of psoriasis.
Dermatology ; Extremities ; Humans ; Petrolatum ; Phototherapy ; Pruritus ; Psoriasis* ; Seoul