Objective:To detect the various bacteriological agents and pathological changes in commercial layer chicken affected with egg yolk peritonitis in Namakkal region of India.
Methods:A total of 6 572 layer chicken from 85 commercial farms were subjected for the study, out of which 1 715 showed various types of oviduct abnormalities. Among the 1 715, 264 birds from six farms were identified as egg peritonitis on the basis of postmortem examination. Trachea, lung, heart blood, liver, peritoneal exudate, oviduct (infundibulum, magnum, uterus) and cloacal swabs were collected from the 264 birds with egg peritonitis lesion for screening of bacterial agents. Signalment, clinical signs and pathological changes were recorded in the affected flocks.
Result: The results of the present investigation indicated that the E. coli associated egg peritonitis was responsible for 15.39%of the reproductive tract abnormalities in commercial layers between 21 and 80 week of age. In the affected flocks egg production drop and mortality varied from 3%to 20%and 0.5%to 7.0%respectively. It was noticed during peak egg production (21 to 60 week) and southwest monsoon season (58%). Statistical analysis of age, season and egg production by Chi square test of independence revealed highly significant difference. E. coli was isolated as a pure culture and concurrent with other bacterial agents in 226 and 38 birds respectively. Among the fifteen E. coli serotypes identified serotype O166, O64 and O111 were predominant. Necropsy examination of affected birds revealed the presence of amorphous or insipissiated yolk material in the abdominal cavity with inflammatory changes in the ovary, oviduct and intestine. Microscopically the oviduct surface epithelium showed degeneration and desquamation, moderate to marked infiltration of inflammatory cells especially heterophils and lymphocytes in various regions and lumen contained serofibrinous exudate, inflammatory and desquamated epithelial cells with bacterial microcolonies. Ovarian follicles revealed hyperemia, degeneration of granulosa cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Intestine showed degenerative, necrotic and inflammatory lesion.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the egg peritonitis might be caused by either the translocation of intestinal E. coli into the peritoneal cavity or by the movement of cloacal E. coli into the oviduct followed by ascension of these bacteria up the oviduct, through the infundibulum, and into the peritoneal cavity. To control the egg peritonitis faecal contamination with E. coli should be minimized.

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer potential of different fractions of bark of Costus pictus using various in vitro antioxidant assay systems. Methods: In this study, assay like DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, metal chelating activity and reducing power were used. The concentrations of total phenolic and flavonoids were also calculated for the extracts.Result:pictus. This study suggested that, among the three fractions, the chloroform fraction possesses high antioxidant activity which might be helpful in preventing or slowing the progress of various oxidative stress related disorders. Moreover, all fractions possess potent anticancer properties against colon cancer cells of HT29 and lung carcinoma cells of A549. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the extract of the bark of C. pictus has potential natural antioxidant and this can be used in food industries. There are few reports on the antioxidant capacity of bark of C. pictus and the mechanism of different fractions of bark of C. pictus as antioxidative agents is still not fully understood. Hence further research is underway to analyse and isolate the active compounds responsible for the antioxidant and anticancer activity of different fractions of the bark of C.pictus. The present study elucidated for the first time the antioxidant property of bark of C.

Objective: To detect etiological agents and pathological changes associated with polyserositis in commercial layer chicken. Methods: Ten commercial layer flocks which had a sudden increase in mortality and a drop in egg production with lesions suggestive of colisepticemia were investigated. Flock details and pathological changes were recorded in affected flocks to assess the prevalence and impact of polyserositis on commercial layer chicken. Trachea, heart blood, liver, oviduct, cloacal swab, poultry house environment samples, water and feed samples were screened for bacteriological agents. Pooled tissue (trachea, lung, spleen, caecal tonsil, kidney and oviduct) samples from colisepticemia cases were screened for viral agents. Serum samples collected from affected flocks were screened for Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus and egg drop syndrome-76 virus by haemagglutination inhibition test, and for Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: On necropsy examination of dead birds, fibrinous polyserositis and congestion of various visceral organs were noticed. Microscopically, deciliation and hypertrophy of mucus glands showed in the tracheal epithelium. Vascular derangements and infiltration of inflammatory cells showed in the lungs and air sac. Fibrinous polyserositis, focal necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells showed in parenchyma of heart and liver. Inflammatory changes were observed in the ovary and oviduct. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated as a pure culture from 108 birds and from the poultry house environment of the ten affected flocks. Among the eight E. coli serotypes, identified serotypes O