No abstract available.
Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Peptide Hydrolases*

Proteolytic activity of enzyme in some preparations of granules, tablets and capsules were changed during the production processing. The decrease of proteolytic activity was dependent on the origin and purity of the enzymatic preparations
Enzymology ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Peptide Hydrolases

The reasonable pepsin + papain mix was studied. The results showed that the proteolytic activity of the mix at 3 areas pH: 20.5, 41 and 70.5 and temperature 38O2 was compared with either agent alone in the same conditions. These mixes will be improved and applied to the treatment of malnutrition in children
Peptide Hydrolases ; Enzymology ; Pepsin A ; Papain

A keratinolytic proteinase secreted by Microsporum canis in a broth containing human hair was purified 134-fold from the culture filtrate by ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephacel, CM-Sephadex C-50, and by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The purified enzyme was electrophoretically homogeneous with a molecular weight of 33,000. The enzyme had an optimum pH of 8.0, and the activity was stable in the alkaline pH range. Enzyme activity increased with temperature up to 35 degrees C and was stable up to 45 degrees C. The keratinolytic activity was not affected by the addition of nonionic detergents, was activated by Mg2+, but inhibited by Zn2+. The purified enzyme was used to obtain guinea pig antiserum. The antiserum tested by double diffusion against the purified enzyme showed a single line of precipitation and completely neutralized the proteinase activity. This study reaffirms that the proteinase from M. canis may be a biochemical mechanism for the invasion of keratinized tissue, and could possibly play a role in the hypersensitivity reactions arising from superficial infections of this fungus.
Microsporum/enzymology* ; Peptide Hydrolases/isolation & purification*

Viruses interact with the host ubiquitination system in a variety of ways. Viral proteins are often a substrate for ubiquitination, which leads to proteasomal degradation. Viruses also have functions to modify the cellular ubiquitination machinery. Recently, deubiquitinating protease (DUB) activity has been found in many viral proteins. In herpesviruses, the DUB domain is found within the large tegument protein, which is conserved in all members of the herpesvirus family. Although a limited number of viral and cellular targets have been identified to date, accumulating evidence shows that herpesviral DUBs may primarily target key cellular regulators of immune signaling pathways to promote viral replication. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on viral DUBs. In particular, we focus on the herpesviral DUBs and their targets, and discuss their potential roles in the regulation of immune signaling pathways.
Herpesviridae ; Humans ; Peptide Hydrolases* ; Ubiquitin ; Ubiquitination ; Viral Proteins

Serine elastic chymotrypsin Pr1 is an enzyme that efficiently degrades insect body wall protein through its connection with the virulence of entomogenous fungi. Therefore, it is important to explore the relationship between the Pr1 protease activity, the Pr1 gene expression and the virulence of different strains of entomogenous fungi. Specific peptide substrate Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA and fluorogenic quantitative PCR were used for detecting Pr1 protease activity and Pr1 gene expression, and the slope spray method was used for evaluating the virulence of the fungi on the Myzus persicae. The results indicated that the linear regression equation of the Pr1 protease activity and the virulence of different strains were: y=3.64x+0.62, R²=0.432. It was shown that there is a positive correlation between the Pr1 protease activity and virulence of different strains. Moreover, the result of the multiple linear regression analysis between Pr1 protease activity, Pr1 gene expression and the virulence of different strains was: y=0.236+10.833x₁-0.039x₂ (x₁ represents Pr1 protease activity while x₂ represents Pr1 gene expression), R²=0.568, which suggested that the raw data could be represented by a linear fitting equation. The serial correlation coefficient was high (D-W was 2.444), indicating that Pr1 protease activity and Pr1 gene expression have great effect on the virulence of the fungi. Additionally, VIF=12.705, which shows that moderate multiple collinear exists between Pr1 protease activity and Pr1 gene expression. Therefore, Pr1 protease activity and Pr1 gene expression could be recommended as important indicators for strain virulence selection.
Fungi ; Gene Expression ; Insect Proteins ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Virulence

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory skin disease in which genetic mutations and cutaneous hyperreactivity to environment stimuli play a role. The skin barrier is known to be damaged in patients with AD, both in acute eczematous lesions and in clinically unaffected skin. Skin barrier function can be impaired first by a genetic predisposition to produce increased levels of stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme. This protease enzyme causes premature breakdown of corneodesmosomes, leading to damage of the epidermal barrier. The addition of environmental interactions can increase production of stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme and impair epidermal barrier function. The epidermal barrier can also be damaged by exogenous proteases. One or more of these factors in combination might lead to a defective barriers, after then increasing the risk of allergen penetration and succeeding inflammatory reaction, thus contributing to exacerbations of this disease. The strong association between both genetic barrier defects and environmental factors to the barrier with AD suggests that epidermal barrier dysfunction is a primary event in the development of this disease. New concepts into the relation of the epidermal barrier function and its interaction with components of the innate and adaptive immune responses in patients with AD give rise to novel treatments.
Dermatitis, Atopic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

PURPOSE: Ionic currents in smooth muscle have fundamental roles in initiation and maintenance of excitability and contractile status. So we studied and characterized potassium ion channels in smooth muscle cells of rabbit seminal vesicle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single smooth muscle cells of New Zealand White rabbit seminal vesicle were obtained using proteolytic enzymes (collagenase and papain). Using single cell and channel recording methods of patch clamp, potassium channels in smooth muscle of seminal vesicle were recorded. RESULTS: Potassium currents recorded whole-cell patch clamp method were divided into maxi-K channel dominant cells (n=11) and the cells with mixture of maxi-K and delayed rectifier K channels (n=7). Inside-out mode of patch clamp technique was used to characterize the maxi-K channel. The channel showed outward rectification and Ca-dependency. The single channel conductance of this channel estimated from slope conductance was 188 pS in physiological condition. These characters were typical properties of maxi-K channel. CONCLUSIONS: From these results it is suggested that maxi-K channel was predominantly distributed in rabbit seminal vesicle cell. The physiological roles of this channel in modulating seminal vesicle smooth muscle tone need further studies.
Humans ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; New Zealand ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Potassium ; Potassium Channels ; Seminal Vesicles

Acute respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had caused a global pandemic since 2019, and posed a serious threat to global health security. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an indispensable role in the battle against the epidemic. Many components originated from TCMs were found to inhibit the production of SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro), which are two promising therapeutic targets to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. This study describes a systematic investigation of the roots and rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis, which results in the characterization of 12 new flavonoids, including seven prenylated flavanones (1-7), one prenylated flavonol (8), two prenylated chalcones (9-10), one isoflavanone (11), and one isoflavan dimer (12), together with 43 known compounds (13-55). Their structures including the absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR data, and time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT ECD) calculations. Compounds 12 and 51 exhibited inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro with IC₅₀ values of 34.89 and 19.88 μmol·L^-1, repectively while compounds 9, 43 and 47 exhibited inhibitory effects against PLpro with IC₅₀ values of 32.67, 79.38, and 16.74 μmol·L^-1, respectively.
Flavonoids/chemistry* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Rhizome ; COVID-19 ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry*

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Prognosis ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases