Background: S.pneumoniae is a significant cause of respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years old. More strains of S.pneumoniae show less susceptibility to penicillin, and antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of pneumococcal infections. Objectives: To identify the carriage prevalence and susceptibility to penicillin of S.pneumonia isolated from children under 5 years old. Subject and Method: The study included 823 children under 5 years old living in Ba Vi, Ha Tay. Culture, bacterial identification and antibiogram by E- test have been applied in this study. Results: 51.4% of nasopharyngeal samples had S.pneumoniae. The prevalence of S.pneumoniae isolated resistant and intermediate to penicillin were 15.5% and 64%, respectively. Resistance prevalence of streptococcal isolates in children older and younger than 2 years of age were 14.1% and 17.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Approximately 80% of S.pneumoniae was non-susceptible to penicillin. There is an immense requirement to monitor the antibiotic susceptibility of S. pneumonia and to have prompt recommendations for treatment.
Prevalence ; Streptococcus pneumonia ; Penicillin

Penicillin ; Trimethoprim ; therapeutic aspects ; Streptomycin

No abstract available.
Doxycycline ; Humans ; Penicillin G Benzathine ; Syphilis

No abstract available.
Penicillin Resistance* ; Penicillins* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus*

Antibiotic resistance is uncommon in paediatric community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Malaysia. However, with the increased use of antibiotics, there is a risk of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumonia (PRSP) pneumonia which results in antibiotic treatment failure. We report here a case of CAP complicated by empyema, caused by PRSP, which presented as acute respiratory distress in a 19-month-old boy.
Penicillin ; Antibiotics ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Pneumonia ; capsule (pharmacologic)

Penicillin expandase, also known as deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS), is an essential enzyme involved in cephalosporin C biosynthesis. To evaluate the catalytic behaviors of penicillin expandase under high penicillin G concentration and to identify mutants suitable for industrial applications, the specific activities of wild-type DAOCS and several mutants with increased activities toward penicillin G were determined by HPLC under high penicillin G concentrations. Their specific activity profiles were compared with theoretical predictions by different catalytic dynamics models. We evaluated the specific activities of wild-type DAOCS and previous reported high-activity mutants H4, H5, H6 and H7 at concentrations ranging from 5.6 to 500 mmol/L penicillin G. The specific activities of wild-type DAOCS and mutant H4 increased as penicillin G concentration increased, but decreased when concentrations of substrate go above 200 mmol/L. Other mutants H5, H6 and H7 showed more complex behaviors under high concentration of penicillin G. Among all tested enzymes, mutant H6 showed the highest activity when concentration of penicillin G is above 100 mmol/L. Our results revealed that the substrate inhibition to wild-type DAOCS' by penicillin G is noncompetitive. Other DAOCS mutants showed more complex trends in their specific activities at high concentration of penicillin G (>100 mmol/L), indicating more complex substrate inhibition mechanism might exist. The substrate inhibition and activity of DAOCS mutants at high penicillin G concentration provide important insight to help select proper mutants for industrial application.
Catalysis ; Intramolecular Transferases ; genetics ; Mutation ; Penicillin G ; pharmacology ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Streptomyces ; enzymology ; genetics

We reported previously that, combined with l. 0 gm of probenecid, sodium penicillin G. 4, 0 m.u.i.m. was slightly less effective than procaine penicillin G. 4. 8 m.u. i.m. in the treatment of uncomplicated male gonorrhea. We now present the effect of double dose of sodium penicillin G. in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. The subjects were 262 male patients with uncomplicated gonoccccal urethritis at the VD clinic of Choong Ku Public Health Center in Seoul during 5 months period from January to May 198l. The following criteria were used to identify gonococcal infection - Gram negative intracellular diplococci in urethral smear and/or oxidase positive typical colony formation on Thayer-Martin media composed of Gram negative diplococci. They were given 4.0 m.u. sodium penicillin G. i.m. proceeded 15 to 30 min. by 1. 0 gm. probenecid p.o.. Four hours later, same amount of sodium peniciIlin G. i.m. was repeated. Concornitant eomparison of procaine penicillin G. was not done because of recent una,vailability of the drug in Korea. To avoid pain, the drug is dissolved in 6 ml of normal saline plus 2 ml of 2% lidacaine. One hundred eighty five patients were able to be followed 3 to 7 days after the treatment. There were .24 (13%) failures and 17 (10. 6%) postgonococcal urethritis. During this study, l4 strains of PPNG (Penicillinase Producing Keisseria Gonarrhoeae) were detected with chromogenic cephalosporin slide method. There were 10 (5. 8%) failures among 171 patients with urethritis caused by non-PPNG.
Gonorrhea* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male* ; Oxidoreductases ; Penicillin G Procaine ; Penicillin G* ; Probenecid ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Sodium* ; Urethritis

PURPOSE: Patients with a history of allergic reaction to penicillin, but with no detectable specific IgE, are common and pose a dilemma. Challenge tests are considered to be the diagnostic gold standard. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of patients with very low risk for reactions who could be safely tested using a more rapid and simple procedure. METHODS: A total of 580 consecutively referred adult patients with a history of non-serious cutaneous allergic reactions to penicillin, but with no IgE, were challenged with therapeutic doses of penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin), penicillin G (benzylpenicillin), or both. RESULTS: Only 14 of 580 patients had a positive challenge test. In 11 of the 14, a reaction to challenge occurred within 2 hours, and none were anaphylactic. The year of the original reaction was known for 555 patients; a positive challenge was seen in only 0.4% of those with an original reaction >15 years before challenge, but in 4.6% of those with a more recent original reaction (P=0.001). Onset of a reaction within the first day of the original exposure was a predictive factor for a positive challenge (P=0.001) in patients challenged within 15 years of the original reaction. CONCLUSIONS: Among suspected penicillin-allergic patients with non-severe skin reactions and no detectable specific IgE, the subgroup of patients who originally reacted more than 15 years previously had very low risk for reacting to a challenge. The risk was higher in patients with a more recent original reaction, especially if the symptoms had occurred within the first day of exposure.
Adult ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Penicillin G ; Penicillin V ; Penicillins ; Risk Factors ; Skin

A case of lymphocytoma cutis, the circumscribed form in 9 year-old girl is reported. This is seldom conclusive without histological examinatien for a wide variety of conditions has to be considered. The circumscribed form usually responds rapidly to radiotherapy, although recurrence is possible and good results from the use of procaine penicillin especially in the disseminated form. In this case, I experienced good results from CO, slush and topical application of 0.25 % fluocortolone 3 times a day without recurrence in 3 months after treatment.
Child ; Female ; Fluocortolone ; Humans ; Penicillin G Procaine ; Pseudolymphoma* ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence

A rapid dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. represents a significant clinical threat. Production of OXA carbapenemases and metallo-beta- lactamases (MBLs) is the most important mechanism in acquiring carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter spp. Carbapenem resistance has also ascribed to non- enzymatic mechanisms, including changes in outer membrane proteins, alterations in the affinity or expression of penicillin-binding proteins, and overexpression of efflux pumps. The most important mechanism in A. baumannii isolates from Korea is the production of OXA-23, while that in other species of Acinetobacter is the production of metallo-beta-lactamases.
Acinetobacter ; Korea ; Membrane Proteins ; Oxytocin ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins