BACKGROUND:At present, there are many methods to treat cartilage defects, but none radical y repairs the articular cartilage defects.
OBJECTIVE:To histological y verify the effect of naringin combined with tissue engineering cartilage on the repair of rabbit articular cartilage defects.
METHODS:Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells fol owing in vitro proliferation were compounded onto acellular dermal matrix, which was then implanted into rabbit knee cartilage defects. Naringin was also given by lavage. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining, toluidine blue dyeing, type II col agen staining and type X col agen staining were performed in the repaired tissue.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 8 weeks post-surgery, the defects repaired with the naringin and stem cells composite were turned into milky-white and transparent smooth tissue. The defective tissue which was repaired, was very similar to normal cartilage tissue, with smooth surface. After the histology research, we found that the defect tissue was fil ed with new cartilage tissue. Results indicated that naringin combined with tissue engineering cartilage can promote the repair of articular cartilage defects in rabbits.

Objective:To investigate the effect of circadian rhythm changes on the expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptors (RORs) and the RORs agonist SR1078 on corneal epithelial wound repair.Methods:A total of 228 SPF C57BL/6 female mice aged 6-8 weeks old were selected, and 180 mice were divided into the normal circadian rhythm group, full-day group, full-night group, 12-hour reversed circadian rhythm group and 3-week reversed circadian rhythm group, with 36 mice in each group.The remaining 48 mice were randomly divided into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) control group and SR1078 group by random number table method, with 24 mice in each group.According to grouping, the mice were placed in a light box where the light (light intensity of 300 lx) and dark time could be controlled.The light time of the normal circadian rhythm group, the PBS control group and the SR1078 group in the light box was from 7: 00 to 19: 00, and the dark time was from 19: 00 to 7: 00 the next day.According to the Zeitgeber Time method, the starting time of light at 7: 00 was recorded as ZT0, and the time of closing light at 19: 00 was recorded as ZT12.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the relative expression levels of RORα and RORγ mRNA at ZT1, ZT5, ZT9, ZT13, ZT17, ZT21 in the five groups.In the PBS control group and SR1078 group, a golf-like knife was used to establish the mouse corneal epithelial injury model, and the model eyes were administered with drugs once every 6 hours according to the grouping.The corneal epithelial defect area was measured with Adobe Photoshop CC2019 software, and the corneal epithelial defect rate was calculated and compared between the two groups.The correlation between the relative expression levels of RORα and RORγ mRNA in mice corneal epithelium of the five groups and corneal epithelial defect rate in the PBS control group and SR1078 group was analyzed.The corneal epithelium repair was observed by whole cornea spreading and immunofluorescence staining, and the number of corneal epithelial dividing cells in the PBS control group and the SR1078 group was calculated and compared.The use and care of animals complied with the ARVO statement.This study protocol was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University (No.JN-A-2002-01).Results:Compared with the normal circadian rhythm group, the relative expression levels of RORα/RORγ mRNA in the full-day group, full-night group, 12-hour reversed cirdian rhythym group and 3-week reversed cirdian rhythym group showed an overall decreasing trend.There was a statistically significant difference in the corneal epithelial defect rate between the PBS control group and the SR1078 group at different time points after modeling ( Fgroup=74.01, P<0.001; Ftime=5 171.48, P<0.001). Twelve hours after modeling, the corneal epithelial defect rate in the SR1078 group was significantly lower than that in the PBS control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The relative expression levels of RORα and RORγ mRNA in corneal tissue was moderately positively correlated with the corneal epithelial defect rate in mice ( r=0.614, 0.537; both at P<0.01); The regression equation of the straight line between the relative expression level of RORα mRNA and the change in corneal epithelial defect rate was Y=33.153X-43.052 ( F=20.58, P<0.001), and the linear regression equation between the relative expression level of RORγ mRNA and the change of corneal epithelial defect rate was Y=2.764X-1.364 ( F=13.11, P<0.001). There was a significant overall difference in the number of corneal epithelial dividing cells at various time points following modeling between the PBS control group and the SR1078 group ( Fgroup=160.55, P<0.001; Ftime=83.57, P<0.001). The number of dividing cells in the SR1078 group was significantly less than that in the PBS control group at 24, 30, and 36 hours following modeling, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Circadian rhythm changes reduce the expression of RORα and RORγ mRNA in the mouse cornea.SR1078 can promote the expression of RORα and RORγ mRNA in corneal epithelium to decrease the number of mouse corneal epithelial dividing cells, and inhibit the repair after corneal trauma.

Objective To observe the effect of reversed circadian rhythms on wound healing of mouse corneal epithelium.Methods Ninety male C57BL/6 mice were divided into LD group (12 hours light/12 hours dark) and DL group (12 hours dark/12 hours light) by random number table,and then were placed in circadian rhythm box for 12 days.The circular area was scarped and marked as 2 mm diameter area in the center of the mouse's cornea with a golf-like knife.The dynamics of epithelial healing in the wound area were observed under microscope by fluorescein staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining.Besides,being marked antibodies of anti-Ly6G-FITC,anti-γδT-PE and DAPl,dynamic changes of the dividing cells,neutrophils and γδT cells were also investigated for every 6 hours until 42 hours.All mice were treated in accordance with the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology's Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmology and Vision Research and the guidelines of the Animal Experimental Committee at Jinan University (JN-A-2002-01).Results In LD group,percentage of corneal epithelial defective area were (100.000 ± 0.000) ％,(37.677 ± 5.243) ％,(14.959 ± 1.739) ％ and (0.000 ± 0.000) ％ after wounding 0 hour,6,12,18 and 24 hours.In DL group,percentage of the corneal epithelial defective area were (100.000±0.000) ％,(10.967 ± 1.065 ％) ％,(1.985 ±0.106) ％ and (0.000±0.000) ％ after wounding 0 hour,6,12,18 and 24 hours.The healing rate in DL group was higher than that in LD group,with a significant difference between them (P＜0.05).As with the uninjured corneal,thickness of corneal epithelium was (33.983 ± 1.074)μm in DL group and (33.993±0.904)μm LD group,with no statistically significant difference between them (P＞0.05).After 24 hours,thickness of corneal epithelium in DL group was (19.473 ±0.856) μm,and was more than that in LD group [(17.485±0.718)μm],with a significant difference between them (P＜0.05).Paraffin section of wounded corneal epithelium after 24 hours by hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that corneal epithelium cells arranged loosely and disorderly and were in irregular shape in both groups.The epithelium were mainly basal cells in LD group,while epithelium included basal cell and a few pinacocytes in DL group.After corneal epithelium wounded,the number of cell division,neutrophils and corneal limbus γδT cells in two groups were statistically significant difference,respectively(P＜0.05).Conclusions Reversed circadian rhythms can significantly regulate the wound healing of corneal epithelium.

This article reviews the common bowel preparation programs, influencing factors and intervention strategies before colonoscopy in elderly subjects, with a view to provide reference for improving the quality of bowel preparation in elderly colonoscopy subjects in the future.

AIM:To investigate the ameliorative effect of nociceptin/orphanin(N/OFQ)on anxiety-like be-havior in nicotine(NIC)withdrawal-induced rats and its regulatory mechanisms on the expression of neurotransmitters as-sociated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis and inflammatory factors.METHODS:Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group,NIC withdrawal model group,low-dose N/OFQ treatment group,and high-dose N/OFQ treatment group,with 8 rats in each group.To establish NIC with-drawal model,the rats in the NIC model and N/OFQ treatment groups were subcutaneously injected with NIC(0.4 mg/kg),twice a day for 7 consecutive days followed by 3 days of withdrawal.During the withdrawal period,the rats in the low and high-dose N/OFQ treatment groups received intracerebroventricular injection of N/OFQ(1 nmol or 10 nmol)once per day for 3 consecutive days.Ten minutes after the third administration,all rats underwent open filed(OF)and elevated plus maze(EPM)tests to detect behavioral changes.The serum concentrations of corticotrophin-releasing hormone(CRH),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),corticosterone(CORT),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-6 were measured by ELISA.The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the central nu-cleus of the amygdala(CeA)of the brain were detected by RT-qPCR.Histological changes in neuron morphology in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were observed under a light microscope following hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Norepinephrine(NE)levels in the CeA of the brain were determined by HPLC.The protein expression of tyrosine hydroxy-lase(TH)in the CeA of the brain was detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with the NIC withdrawal model group,rats in the low and high-dose N/OFQ treatment groups showed significant increase in the distance and time spent in the central area of the open field(P<0.05 or P<0.01),as well as significant increase in the number of entries and the per-centage of time spent in the open arms of the EPM(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Furthermore,both low and high-dose N/OFQ treatment groups significantly inhibited serum concentrations of CRH,ACTH and CORT in NIC withdrawal rats(P<0.01).N/OFQ administration also significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in the serum,as well as expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in the CeA(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The treatment with N/OFQ at both doses significantly alleviated neuronal damage in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and markedly re-duced thelevels of NE and TH protein expression in the CeA of NIC withdrawal rats(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:N/OFQ alleviates anxiety-like behavior in NIC withdrawal rats through mechanisms related to the regulation of HPA axis hormone levels and inflammatory factors.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Sauchinone(Sch)on renal tissue fibrosis and to explore its mechanism in unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)mice.Methods Forty male ICR mice were divided into Sham,UUO-Model,Sch Low-dose,Sch High-dose,and positive control(Val)groups.Mice in the sham group underwent isolation of the left renal ureter without ligation,and mice in the UUO-Model group underwent stripping of the left proximal ureter for double ligation.Starting on day 2 after surgery,the Sch Low-dose group received 10 mg/kg Sch,the Sch High-dose group received 30 mg/kg Sch,and the Val group received 100 mg/kg valsartan by gavage once daily for 4 weeks.At the end of drug administration,serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-6 were measured.Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)content were detected in renal tissues.TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels were detected in renal tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Pathological changes and collagen deposition,as well as transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1,Smad3,and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)protein expression in mouse renal tissues were detected by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining,and immunohistochemistry.Collagen Ⅰ,CTGF,Smad3,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and nuclear factor(NF)-κB protein expression in renal tissues were detected by Western Blot.Results SCr,BUN,TNF-α,and IL-6 were all significantly reduced in Sch Low-dose and Sch High-dose mice compared with the UUO-Model group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while SOD activity was significantly higher and MDA and ROS levels were significantly lower in renal tissues(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in renal tissues were significantly reduced(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Microscopic observation of swollen renal tubules with thylakoid hyperplasia and collagen fiber deposition was significantly improved.Immunohistochemistry showed a significant reduction in TGF-β1,Smad3,and CTGF protein expression in renal tissues,and Western Blot showed significantly reduced levels of Collagen Ⅰ,CTGF,Smad3,and NF-κB protein expression(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression levels were significantly elevated(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions The amelioration of renal tissue fibrosis by sauchinone may be mediated via anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects that modulate the expression of pro-fibrotic proteins in the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the effect of palliative care based on multidisciplinary collaboration on cancer-related fatigue, quality of life and social support of cancer patients and to evaluate its application value.Methods:From April 2019 to May 2021, a total of 682 terminal cancer patients who were admitted to Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the research objects by the convenient sampling method. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 341 cases in each group. The control group received traditional cancer hospice medical treatment and nursing management, while the observation group received multidisciplinary hospice care on this basis. The cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, nursing satisfaction, and the degree of family and social support were compared between the two groups.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the score of cancer-related fatigue between the two groups before intervention ( P>0.05) . After intervention, the scores of cancer-related fatigue in the two groups decreased and that of the observation group was lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in quality of life score between the two groups before intervention ( P>0.05) . After intervention, the quality of life scores of the two groups were improved and that of the observation group was higher than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . There were no statistically significant differences in family support, friend support and other support between the two groups before intervention ( P>0.05) . After intervention, the scores of family support, friend support and other support in the two groups were improved, and the scores of family support and other support in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The total nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Palliative care based on multidisciplinary collaboration can improve cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, family and social support and nursing satisfaction of patients.

Objective:To analyze the effect of palliative care based on multidisciplinary collaboration on cancer-related fatigue, quality of life and social support of cancer patients and to evaluate its application value.Methods:From April 2019 to May 2021, a total of 682 terminal cancer patients who were admitted to Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the research objects by the convenient sampling method. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 341 cases in each group. The control group received traditional cancer hospice medical treatment and nursing management, while the observation group received multidisciplinary hospice care on this basis. The cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, nursing satisfaction, and the degree of family and social support were compared between the two groups.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the score of cancer-related fatigue between the two groups before intervention ( P>0.05) . After intervention, the scores of cancer-related fatigue in the two groups decreased and that of the observation group was lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in quality of life score between the two groups before intervention ( P>0.05) . After intervention, the quality of life scores of the two groups were improved and that of the observation group was higher than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . There were no statistically significant differences in family support, friend support and other support between the two groups before intervention ( P>0.05) . After intervention, the scores of family support, friend support and other support in the two groups were improved, and the scores of family support and other support in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The total nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Palliative care based on multidisciplinary collaboration can improve cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, family and social support and nursing satisfaction of patients.