The current study suggested that gastrointestinal motility has a close relationship with ascending-descending theory of spleen and stomach of TCM.Gastrointestinal symptoms caused by Qi disorder of spleen are identical with the clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal motility disorders.Although spleen and stomach act as the pivot of Qi transporting in the body,the dysfunction of liver,lung,kidney,and heart may also cause disorders of Qi in ascending and descending,manifested as pathological gastrointestinal motility.Therefore,when gastrointestinal motility appears abnormality,we should pay attention to other organs besides analyzing dysfunction of spleen and stomach

OBJECTIVE To discuss the diagnosis and endoscopic treatment of congenital basal encephaloceles in infants.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 6 infants with congenital basal encephaloceles in Beijing Children's Hospital between January 2014 to September 2016. CT and MRI were performed routinely. All patients underwent endoscopic resection of encephaloceles and repair of skull base defects. RESULTS Five patients presented with transethmoidal encephaloceles and one transsphenoidal encephaloceles. All patients underwent endoscopic procedure successfully. There were no complications except for one 7-month old girl who got purulent meningitis. All patients had favorable clinical outcomes during a follow-up of 3 to 29 months.CONCLUSION For infants with persistent nasal obstruction and nasal neoplasms, congenital basal encephaloceles should be considered. Nasal coronary CT and sagital MRI are of paramount importance in the diagnosis of congenital basal encephaloceles in infants. The endoscopic procedure is the safe and effective method for the management of congenital basal encephaloceles in infants.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the short-term clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis. METHODS Forty-four patients, from 3-14 years of age, with mite-sensitive allergic rhinitis were treated sublingually with standardized dermatophagoidesfarinae extract. After treatment of 3 or 6 months using the dermatophagoidesfarinae extract, the total nasal symptoms score(including nasal congestion, nasal itching, rhinorrhea and sneezing scores), total rhinitis medicine scores, visual analog scale scores and the percentage of blood eosinophilic granulocyte(Eos%) before and after treatment were evaluated. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS After 3 or 6 months' treatment,thenasal symptoms score(including nasal congestion, nasal itching, rhinorrhea and sneezing scores), total rhinitis medicine scores and visual analog scale scoreshad significantly reduced,comparing with that before treatment(all P<0.05). The comparison of the total nasal symptoms score(including nasal congestion, rhinorrhea and sneezing scores), total rhinitis medicine scores and visual analog scale scores between 3 months and 6 months treatment had shown no significant difference (all P>0.05), while nasal itching scores had significantly reduced(Z=-4.185, P<0.05). After 6 months' treatment, the percentage of Eos% had significantly reduced compared with that before treatment(Z=-4.544, P<0.05). CONCLUSION SLIT could be an effective treatment in patients with allergic rhinitis sensitive to house dust mite. It would have effect after3 months treatment and Eos%reduced significantly after 6 months treatment.

Objective To observe the effect of Tongqiao Huoxue decoction on the changes of motilin (MTL) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its protective effect on gastric mucosa in rats with cerebral infarction at acute stage.Methods According to random number table, 96 Wistar rats were divided into six groups: normal control, sham operation, cerebral infarction model, cimetidine, Tongqiao Huoxue decoction routine dose and low dose groups, eachn = 16. Cerebral infarction model group was established by using a suture to ligate the middle cerebral artery, resulting in its occlusion. The rats of cerebral infarction model group and sham operation group were lavaged with 2 mL of normal saline. Tongqiao Huoxue decoction routine dose group was lavaged with 2 mL of Tongqiao Huoxue decoction (1.3 g/mL), while Tongqiao Huoxue decoction low dose group was lavaged with 1 mL of Tongqiao Huoxue decoction (1.3 g/mL) plus 1 mL of normal saline. Cimetidine group was lavaged with cimetidine (0.1 g/kg), and nothing was done for the normal control group. On the 4th and 7th day after the delivery of treatment, inferior vena venous blood samples were collected to detect the plasma MTL and VIP concentrations. Then the gastric tissues were obtained and examined under an electron microscope.Results There were no statistically significant differences between the normal control group and sham operation group in plasma levels of MTL and VIP (bothP > 0.05). The plasma levels of MTL and VIP at 4 days and 7 days after the delivery of treatment in cerebral infarction model group were higher than those in the normal control group and sham operation group [4 days MTL (ng/L): 189.51±13.48 vs. 117.01±11.38, 117.67±12.73, VIP (ng/L): 94.86±4.14 vs. 60.98±5.42, 62.55±6.60, bothP < 0.05; 7 days: MTL (ng/L): 183.05±14.49 vs. 119.79±10.64, 120.27±11.48, VIP (ng/L): 91.92±3.77 vs. 59.63±4.29, 58.10±4.99, bothP < 0.05]. Plasma levels of MTL and VIP in cimetidine group, Tongqiao Huoxue decoction routine dose group and low dose group were significantly lower than those in cerebral infarction model group. Compared with Tongqiao Huoxue decoction low dose group and cimetidine group, the degrees of descent in plasma levels of MTL and VIP were apparently lower on the 7th day in Tongqiao Huoxue decoction routine dose group [MTL (ng/L): 138.72±8.02 vs. 152.16±12.66, 156.60±11.87, bothP < 0.05; VIP (ng/L):68.18±3.41 vs. 81.12±3.98, 78.89±2.13, bothP < 0.05]. The results of electron microscope: compared with normal control group and sham operation group, obvious pathological changes in gastric mucosa in model group were found. In Tongqiao Huoxue decoction routine group, Tongqiao Huoxue decoction low dose group and cimetidine group, the gastric mucosal lesions were milder, and the curative effects of Tongqiao Huoxue decoction routine group were much better.Conclusions During the acute stage of cerebral infarction, significant damage is seen in gastric mucosa in rats. Tongqiao Huoxue decoction not only can effectively regulate the expression levels of MTL and VIP, but also has certain protective effect on gastric mucosa, and its efficacy being directly proportional to the dosage.

Graphene ( GN) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes ( MWCNT) composites were coated on glassy carbon electrode ( GCE ) and then poly ( nicotinic acid ) ( PNA ) was electrodeposited on the modified electrode. The electrochemical behavior of pyridoxine hydrochloride ( VB6 ) was investigated at the modified electrode by cyclic voltammetry ( CV ) and differential pulse voltammetry ( DPV ) . Results showed the oxidation current of VB6 at the GN-MWCNT/PNA/GCE was obviously larger than that at GCE, PNA/GCE and GN/MWCNT/GCE. The oxidation process of VB6 was an irreversible diffusion-controlled process involving one electron and two protons. The liner range between the peak current intensity of DPV and the concentration of VB6 was 0 . 05-200 μmol/L with a detection limit of 0 . 02 μmol/L ( S/N=3 ) . The modified electrode showed a good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of 3 . 1% ( n=8 ) . The proposed method was applied to the analysis of vitamin B6 in vitamin B6 tablets and compound vitamin B tablets with recoveries between 96 . 1%-104 . 5%.

Objective:To study the effect of sublingual immunotherapy on children with mite allergic rhinitis.Methods:Four hundred and ninety patients with mite allergic rhinitis have been recruited by Beijing Children′s Hospital from March 2014 to September 2019 and divided into 4 groups of young children group, different treatment duration group, individualized dose adjustment group and multiple allergy evaluation group, the clinical scores of total nasal symptoms score (TNSS), visual analogue scale scores (VAS) and total medication score were recorded at the first visit, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months after treatment, and the combined symptom and medication score(CSMS) score was calculated.Results:A total of 374 patients (76.32%) completed this study.Among them, the CSMS(2.20±1.61, 2.50±1.78), TNSS(2.80±2.32, 3.60±2.71) and VAS(3.50±1.16, 3.90±1.43) in ≤3-year-old group and children over 3-year-old group of young children set after use of 12 months were significantly lower than the score at the first time of diagnosis (respectively CSMS: 4.50±1.44, 5.30±1.32; TNSS: 6.20±1.89, 7.50±2.19; VAS: 5.40±2.33, 5.90±1.61). In addition, in the duration and efficacy set, the patients who completed the immunotherapy for 36 months can only be observed in the 3-year group, the scores were TNSS(0.90±0.97), VAS (1.30±1.19), CSMS (1.70±1.28); the scores of patients who completed the immunotherapy for 24 months in 2-year group and 3-year group were TNSS (2.10±0.95, 2.00±0.97), VAS (3.00±1.56, 3.10±1.68) and CSMS (3.10±1.15, 2.90±1.19) and the patients who completed 12-month immunotherapy were scored in 1-year group, 2-year group and 3-year group with TNSS(3.20±1.27, 3.10±1.41, 3.20±1.41), VAS(4.50±2.11, 4.70± 2.19, 4.50±2.17) and CSMS(4.20±1.39, 3.70±1.32, 4.10±1.39) respectively; patients with poor efficacy in sublingual immunotherapy achieved a score similar to the control group after 6 months of dose adjustment (equals to 12 months after treatment), that were CSMS(2.90±1.56, 2.90±1.88, 2.40±1.69), TNSS(4.70±2.98, 3.90±2.77, 3.80±2.45) and VAS(4.20±1.29, 4.50±1.65, 4.20±1.14) of 4 drops group, 5 drops group and control group; sublingual immunotherapy for patients with multiple allergens for 2 years finally achieved similar efficacy to patients with single allergen, with CSMS (2.30±0.50, 2.10±1.01, 1.90±1.01), TNSS (3.50±2.62, 3.70±2.62, 3.20±2.82) and VAS (4.50±1.00, 4.10±1.57, 3.80±1.54) in single allergen group, combined with 1-2 allergens group and combined with 3+ allergens group.Conclusions:Sublingual immunotherapy plays a corresponding role in the treatment of low-age children, multiple allergy children, and some children get better after dose adjustment.

Objective To investigate the dynamic characteristic changes of gastrointestinal mucosa and its relationship with disease progression in rats with acute cerebral infarction. Methods Fifty-six male Wistar rats were selected as the study subjects, and they were divided into three groups: normal control, sham operation and cerebral infarction model groups by random number table method. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was prepared by the modified Longa thread embolic method. The levels of gastrin (GAS) were monitored in each group after modeling for 24 hours, 4 days and 7 days; after the rats were killed, the sections of gastric antrum and small intestine were taken and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method, the histopathological changes of gastric and small intestinal mucosa were observed under light microscope, in the mean time the gastric and small intestinal mucosal pathological scores were also performed, and the differences of pathological scores among the three groups were compared. Results There were no statistical significant differences in GAS, gastrointestinal mucosa and small intestinal mucosal pathological scores between the normal control group and sham operation group at each time point (all P > 0.05); the GAS level in cerebral infarction model group was decreased gradually with time prolongation, reaching the lowest level 7 days after modeling, but the GAS level in cerebral infarction model group was significantly higher than that in normal group and shamoperation group (ng/L: 205.02±7.68 vs. 130.51±8.03, 145.29±7.68, both P < 0.05). The pathological scores of gastrointestinal mucosa and small intestinal mucosa in the cerebral infarction model group were increased first and then decreased with time prolongation, peaked on 4th day and decreased significantly on 7th day, the pathological scores of gastrointestinal mucosa and small intestinal mucosa in the cerebral infarction model group at each time point were significantly higher than those in the normal control group and sham-operated group (gastric mucosal pathological score: 82.50±2.95 vs. 21.38±1.57, 36.10±3.41; small intestinal mucosal pathological score: 62.00±2.78 vs. 18.25±1.39, 25.55±1.75, all P < 0.05). Under light microscopy, the normal control group showed complete normal morphological appearance, normal structure, orderly arrangement of villi and no infiltration of inflammatory cells; in shamoperation group, inflammatory cells infiltrated the lamina propria at each time point, and there were villi slightly uneven, enlarged stroma, congestion, edema occasionally seen and no obvious ulcer; in cerebral infarction model group, the various layers of gastrointestinal mucosal were not very clear, the glands were arranged irregularly and the capillaries dilated, and in part of tissues, congestion, hemorrhage, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were seen obviously. Conclusion The injury of gastrointestinal mucosa in acute stage of cerebral infarction should be related to the stress stimulation and disease progress of cerebral infarction itself, not due to the abnormal secretion of GAS.

Objective: To investigate the neurocognitive characteristics and related factors in the elderly with subjective cognitive decline. Methods: Among the 1 850 elderly volunteers aged over 50, 377 cognitive normal elderly (NC group), 234 subjective cognitive decline (SCD Group) and 291 patients with mild cognitive impairment (aMCI Group) were screened with the brief elderly cognitive screening questionnaire and the elderly rapid cognitive screening scale.They were all received clinical interview and examination and core neurocognitive test. Results: (1) There were statistically significant differences in the three groups on the age, education, occupation, HAMD, low density lipoprotein and blood pressure (P<0.01). (2) The score of the picture-symbol association in SCD group(8.94±4.05)was lower than that in NC group(9.83±4.18)and higher than that in aMCI group (7.12±4.17)(all P<0.05), while the scores of the other neuropsychological tests were higher than those in aMCI group.There were no statistically significant difference between SCD group and NC group on the other neuropsychological tests(P>0.05). (3)The SCD was mainly influenced by age(β=0.063, OR=1.065, 95%CI=1.033-1.099), depression(β=0.182, OR=1.199, 95%CI=1.084-1.327)and hypertension(β=0.473, OR=1.604, 95%CI=1.185-2.171)(all P<0.01). And the aMCI was mainly influenced by age(β=0.078, OR=1.081, 95%CI=1.048-1.115), education(β=-0.174, OR=0.840, 95%CI=0.778-0.907), occupation(β=-0.406, OR=0.666, 95%CI=0.535-0.830)and low density lipoprotein(β=-0.451, OR=0.637, 95%CI=0.497-0.816)(all P<0.01 ). Conclusion Objective neurocognitive function of the elderly with subjective cognitive decline is basically normal.Age, depression and hypertension are risk factors of subjective cognitive decline.

Objective To determine the effect of crocin regulating miR-139-5p/ATF4 axis on myo-cardial injury and energy metabolism in rats with CHF.Methods A total of 84 male SPF SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,crocin low-,medium-and high-dose groups,captopril group and crocin+miR-139-5p inhibitor group,with 12 in each group.Car-diac function indexes,myocardial histomathological morphology,apoptotic rate,myocardial injury indexes,heart failure indexes,inflammatory indexes,oxidative stress indexes,myocardial ATP content,SDH activity,and miR-139-5p and ATF4 mRNA expression levels were detected in rats.The targeting relationship between miR-139-5p and ATF4 was verified.Results Compared with the conditions in the model group,crocin treatment at different doses reduced apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes,decreased MDA content,LVEDD and LVESD values and cTnI,cTnT,CK-MB,NT-proBNP,TNF-α and IL-1β levels,and declined ATF4 mRNA level,and increased LVEF and LVFS values,SOD activity,ATP content,SDH activity and miR-139-5p level(P＜0.05).Com-pared with the crocin high-dose group,the crocin+miR-139-5p inhibitor group had higher apop-totic rate of cardiomyocytes[(22.68±3.25)％vs(11.94±1.38)％,P＜0.05],increased LVEDD and LVESD value,raised MAD content and cTnI,cTnT,CK-MB,NT-proBNP,TNF-α and IL-1βlevel,and elecated ATF4 mRNA level,and decreased LVEF and LVFS value,SOD activity,ATP content,SDH activity and miR-139-5p level(P＜0.05).There was a targeting relationship be-tween miR-139-5p and ATF4.Conclusion Crocin can improve myocardial injury and energy me-tabolism in CHF rats,which may be related to its regulation of miR-139-5p/ATF4 axis.

Objective:To explore the surgical effect and experience of endoscope-assisted excision for congenital nasal dermoid and sinus cyst (NDSC) in children.Methods:Fifty-three patients with congenital NDSC treated in Beijing Children′s Hospital from January 2007 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, including 30 boys and 23 girls, with the age ranging from 9 to 145 months (mean age 35.6 months). The ultra-low-dose CT scan and MRI of the paranasal sinuses were performed for all patients. Excisions of NDSC under general anesthesia were performed for all patients, and surgical approaches were dependent on location and extent of the lesions according to radiographic workups. All intra-osseous patients and complicated superficial cases underwent surgical excision of NDSC and nasal reconstruction with the assistance of endoscope. Initial presentation, medical history, imaging workups, surgical approaches, complications, rates of recurrence and cosmetic outcomes were evaluated. Descriptive statistics was used for the results analysis.Results:Among 53 cases, the most common presentation included a nasal-glabella mass ( n=21, 39.6%), a dorsal punctum ( n=13, 24.5%) and a dorsal mass ( n=9, 17.0%). The sites of NDSC included nasal glabella ( n=22, 41.5%), nasal bridge ( n=27, 50.9%) and nasal tip ( n=4, 7.5%). Of all patients, 24 cases (45.3%) had superficial lesions, 19 cases (35.8%) had intraosseous extension into the frontonasal bones, 10 cases (18.9%) extended intracranially but remained extradural. Surgical approaches included transverse incision ( n=22, 41.5%), minimal midline vertical incision ( n=27, 50.9%) and external rhinoplasty ( n=4, 7.5%). All NDSC were successfully excised and no nasal reconstruction needed. All cases were followed up from 9 to 151 months with a mean of 67.3 months. Five patients (9.4%) with recurrence were observed and were managed successfully with reoperation. During the follow-up, no nasal deformity was noted, and cosmetic outcome was favorable for all patients. Conclusion:Endoscope-assisted excision has the advantage of clear vision, small trama and low recurrence rate for children with NDSC.