Sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in endometrial cancer is still in the exploration stage. But a good many studies have confirmed the feasibility of SLN detection in patients with early endometrial cancer. Higher detection rate of SLN can be achieved by the combination of blue dye and radiocolloid. Compared with intracervical injection, more injections at different sites of the uterine corpus and hysteroscopic injection may improve SLN detection rate and para-aortic SLN detection rate. SLN detection rates are also related to some other factors such as the amount of tracers, the interval between injection and detection, and the depth of myometrium invasion. Serial-step section of SLN combined with immunohistochemistry staining with anti-cyto-keratin may improve the detection of micrometastasis (MM) in SLN. SLN procedure can detect MM which cannot be found by traditional pathological techniques. The ultrastaging will allow better stratification of patients at intermediate risk and can provide valuable informaiton for the selection of adjuvant therapy, thus decreasing the recurrent rate.

Objective To design a multi-function hemostatic bandage for the hemodialysis patient so as to solve the problems during compression hemostasis after hemodialysis.Methods The bandage was composed of a belt and a monitoring box.The sensors for errhysis and pressure on the belt monitored the state of compression hemostasis at the puncture point after hemodialysis,and the devices of timing and alarming in the box reminded the staff the duration and pressure of compression.Results The bandage avoided massive errhysis by reminding the patient and staffs in time,and also solved the problems of overlong compression time and improper compression pressure.Conclusion The bandage gains advantages in low cost,easy operation,high sensitivity,and thus is worthy promoting clinically for hemostasis at puncture point after hemodialysis.

Objective To analyze the differences of positive detection rate and copy number of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and E6/E7 mRNA between different grades of cervical lesions, and evaluate their clinical values in early screen?ing of cervical cancer. Methods The cervical exfoliated cell samples from 154 women undergoing biopsy examination and 32 objects undergoing hysterectomy (control group) were collected in Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics in 2014. According to the pathological results of cervical biopsy, 154 samples were divided into low-grade squamous intraepi?thelial lesion group (LSIL, n=51), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion group (HSIL, n=71), and squamous cell carci?noma group (SCC, n=32). HPV DNA was tested with hybrid capture technology, and E6/E7 mRNA was detected with fluores?cence quantitative hybridization. Immunohistochemistry was performed by detecting E6/E7 protein in all patients after sur?gery or cervical biopsy. Results Combined results of HPV DNA and E6/E7 mRNA demonstrated that the positive detection rate was significantly lower in control group than that of all levels of lesion groups (P<0.05). The copy number of high risk HPV E6/E7 mRNA was significantly increased with the aggravation of lesions (P<0.05), whereas no difference was found in that of HPV DNA. Compared with the normal control and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion group, cervical cancer patients with mRNA copies > 10 000 E6/E7 were significantly increased in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion group. Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive detection rate of E6/E7 was significantly lower in control group than that of all levels of lesion groups (P<0.05). The positive rate of E6/E7 was significantly higher in the high-grade squa?mous intraepithelial lesion group than that of low-grade group (P<0.05). Conclusion HPV infection is closely related to cervical abnormalities, which is one of effective measures for early screening of cervical cancer. The negative result of HPV DNA is very helpful to exclude the cervical abnormality, whereas the positive detection of mRNA has great value in predict?ing the disease. Combined results of positive detection and copy number make a comprehensive evaluation for the risk of cer?vical lesions.

Objective Quantifiably and located measure the methylation rate of 21 cytosinephosphate-guanosine (CpG) sites in the 3' region of L1 gene and long control region (LCR) gene of HPV16 DNA in asymptomatic patients,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) patients,and cervical cancer patients.To analysis the relationship between HPV16 methylation and it's pathogenicity.Methods Chosen 30 cases with HPV16 positive in each group.Firstly,extract DNA from the remaining cells of liquid-based cytology specimen and bisulfite treatment DNA,then amplify the 3' region of L1 gene and LCR gene,test the methylation rate of 21 CpG sites of HPV16 DNA in three groups.Results All of the 5 CpG sites in E6/E7 promoter (31,37,43,52,58) were hypomethylation in cervical cancer group (21.86％,28.15％,21.37％,26.15％,15.48％,respectively),hypermethylation in asymptomatic group,and middle-methylation in CIN group,in which there were significant difference among three groups (all P ＜0.01).The CpG site in 7032,7091,7136 of the 3' region of L1 gene was also different methylated among three groups (all P＜0.01).Hypermethylation was found in cancer group (18.89％,27.72％),hypomethylation was found in asymptomatic group (2.71％,6.95％) in 7032 and 7091.In 7136,the highest methylation was detected in CIN (66.45％),the lowest in asymptomatic (34.85％),middle in cancer group (46.43％).Conclusion The methylation status of CpG sites in the 3' region of L1 gene and E6/E7 promoter of HPV16 is significant different among three groups,which is likely to anticipate the pathogenesis of CIN and cervical cancer.

The growth of brain metastasis needs appropriate microenvironment, and the change of normal brain microenvironment is the basis for exploring metastasis with MRI. Through the local magnetic field changes and the application of contrast agents for improving the discrepancy of the cerebral tissue, MR can accurately detect brain metastasis in position, number, size, and shape. MR with contrast-enhanced technique is the first choice for screening brain metastasis. The application of all kinds of new MR techniques, sequences and intracellular contrast agents can not only further improve the specificity of detection, but also improve the sensitivity of MRI, which is favorable to formulating reasonable treatment and prolonging the lifetime of the patients. The microenvironment of brain metastasis and advances in the new MR techniques were reviewed in this article.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and survival factors of primary fallopian tube car-cinoma. Methods: We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, single factor analysis and multivariate analysis to evaluate the prognostic factors of 40 patients diagnosed with primary fallopian tube cancer. Results: The aver-age age of the patients was 51 years and all of them received surgery. There were 29 (72.5%) stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, 11 stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients. Thirty-one (77.5%) patients were diagnosed with poorly differentiated tu-mors and 22 (55%) patients had serous adenocarcinoma. Thirty-seven patients received PAC/PC or TC che-motherapy after surgery. Six patients (15%) had recurrences within 23 to 56 months after surgery. The medi-an survival of Ⅰ～Ⅱ and Ⅲ～Ⅳ stage patients was 79 and 35 months, respectively. The total 5-year survival was 58% and 0 (P=0.005). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that stage (Ⅰ～Ⅱ vs. Ⅲ-Ⅳ), grade (G_1+G_2 vs. G_3), residual disease after surgery (none, <1cm vs. >1cm) were significant factors affecting surviv-al. In accordance with the formula to calculate the half-life of CA125 and compare preoperative serum CA125 with the value at 3 weeks after surgery (T_(1/2)>3 week, T_(1/2)<3 week), the 5-year survival was 78% and 50%, re-spectively (P=0.036). Conclusion: Special attention should be paid to the joint screening of primary fallopian tube cancer in clinical practice in order to avoid misdiagnosis. The consecutive measurements of serum CA-125 level may have significant value as a prognostic indicator for patient survival.

The current study suggested that gastrointestinal motility has a close relationship with ascending-descending theory of spleen and stomach of TCM.Gastrointestinal symptoms caused by Qi disorder of spleen are identical with the clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal motility disorders.Although spleen and stomach act as the pivot of Qi transporting in the body,the dysfunction of liver,lung,kidney,and heart may also cause disorders of Qi in ascending and descending,manifested as pathological gastrointestinal motility.Therefore,when gastrointestinal motility appears abnormality,we should pay attention to other organs besides analyzing dysfunction of spleen and stomach

Objective To investigate the altered lipid in systemic sclerosis(SSc),and the relationship between the altered lipid and inflammation.Methods A total of 58 SSc patients were recruited into SSc group,and 58 healthy persons were recruited into control group from 2012 to 2014.Triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-c)and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-c),lipoprotein a[LP(a)],C-reactive protein(CRP)and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) were assessed using standard techniques in all cases,antinuclear antibody(ANA)and anti-Scl-70 antibody were assessed only in SSc patients.The levels of lipids between SSc patients and healthy controls,patients with antibody and patients without antibody were compared by using t test,corrections between lipid and inflammation were analyzed by Spearman′s correlation test.Results The clinical manifestations of SSc were mostly Raynaud′s phenomenon(91.4%),large area of black hard shin(87.9%),gastrointestinal manifestations(75.9%).The rates of an increased level of TG and decreased level of HDL-c were 29.3%,89.7% respectively.The level of TG in SSc was significant higher than in healthy controls(P =0.021),and the level of HDL-c in SSc was significant lower than in healthy controls(P =0.033).The levels of lipids in patients with ANA and anti-Scl-70 antibody had no significant difference with the patients without ANA and anti-Scl-70 antibody (P >0.05 ).Spearman′s correlation test demonstrated that HDL-c level correlated negatively with serum CRP (r=-0.285,P =0.039)and ESR (r =-0.271,P =0.043)in SSc.Conclusion Dyslipi-demia is a common feature in SSc patients that are characterized by an increase in TG and a decrease in HDL-c,inflammation might partly account for the changes.

Objective To study the effect of modified Shengmal decotion treating viral myocarditis, and on the basis of syndrome differentiation, to discuss the type and period for treating VM.Methods The PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese biomedical literature database(SinoMed), China hownet(CNKI), and VIP database(VIP) were retrieved for the articles on VM treated by modified Shengmal decoction with RCT method. RevMan 5.0 software was adopted for Meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 7 articles and 495 patients were involved. The results showed the modified Shengmal decoction treatment group had statistical difference to the control group in treating VM[OR(95%CI) was 3.61 (2.11,6.16),Z=4.70,P<0.01]. Among them, the decoctions contalning milkvetch root or not had statistical difference compared to the control group[contalning milkvetch root[OR (95% CI) was 2.67 (1.29, 5.52),Z=2.64,P=0.008; not contalning milkvetch rootOR (95%CI) was 5.11 (2.30,11.38),Z=3.99,P<0.01].Conclusion Modified Shengmal decoction has certaln effects in treating VM of Qi and yin deficiency type or VM in the advanced stage showing Qi and yin deficiency. The effectiveness of adding milkvetch root in Shengmal decoction to treat VM should be further discussed, the use of milkvetch root must be based on the premise of careful syndrome differentiation.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infec?tion among women through health screenings in Tianjin urban area. Methods A total of 2 000 women from Tianjin urban area were recruited for this study, and potential risk factors were investigated by questionnaire as well as by collecting cervi?cal exfoliated cells from the participants. HPV type was examined using polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing tech?nology, then the risk factors of HPV16 infection were examined by chi square test and the multiple factor logistic regression analysis. Results Among those 2 000 women who received health screenings, a total of 271 cases were HPV positive (13.55%). HPV16 accounts for the most common human papillomavirus types (39.5%, 107/271) while HPV58 account for 15.13%(41/271)and HPV18 account for 9.59% (26/271). Factors related to HPV16 infection were investigated include smoking history, initial age of sex (>25 years old or not) , number of pregnancies (≥2 or not), number of sexual partners (≥2 or not) and contraception measures (condom or other ways) with χ2=6.268,8.540,4.951,7.123,6.053,5.019, respectively. (P < 0.05). Age, alcohol intake, education level and previous gynecologial examination did not differ significantly among HPV16 positive patients compared to those with negative HPV. Multiple factor Logistic regression model analysis showed that the independent factors were smoking history and initial age for sex(≤25 years old)(P<0.05). Conclusion HPV16 is the most common type of cervical infection among women in Tianjin urban area. Changing inappropriate sexual behavior and smoking cessation are effective measures to prevent HPV16 infection and reduce incidence of cervical cancer.