To evaluate the effects of LASIK ( laser in situ keratomileusis) rectification for pediatric refractive errors. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane library, Chinese Journal Full-text Database and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched for related literatures in Chinese and English languages. A meta-analysis was performed based on the results. Results This study included 256 eyes (255 patients) from 12 independent researches. Meta-analysis showed postoperation corrected vision improved significantly ( WMD=-0.22, CI: -0.26 ～ -0.19, P＜0.00001 ) and LASIK was safe in children. But, considering heterogeneity among articles, Random effect model was applied and revealed the heterogeneity was a little large and the results had a certain bias ( I2 =46.3% ,close to 50% ). Conclusion Current studies have shown that LASIK plays a positive role in children while the safety and predictability have not yet been clear.Moreover, there lacks enough evidence to assess the middle-and long-term efficacy. Thus, more large scale,long-term, randomized control trials should be launched to evaluate the positive and negtive aspects of LASIK in pediatric refractive errors.

A realizaton project of electrical stimulator aimed at motor dysfunction of stroke is proposed in this paper. Based on neurophysiological biofeedback, this system, using an ARM9 S3C2440 as the core processor, integrates collection and display of surface electromyography (sEMG) signal, as well as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) into one system. By embedding Linux system, the project is able to use Qt/Embedded as a graphical interface design tool to accomplish the design of stroke rehabilitation apparatus. Experiments showed that this system worked well.
Biofeedback, Psychology ; Computers ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; instrumentation ; Electromyography ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Software ; Stroke Rehabilitation

Objective To investigate the pathological changes and its significance in resected specimens after three kinds of interventional therapeutic ways for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Methods Ten cases of HCCs were treated by conventional transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (C-THAE) in group A, 10 cases were treated by segmental transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (S-THAE) in group B, and 10 cases were treated by a combination therapy of C-THAE or S-THAE and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in group C. There were constant clinical materials among three groups. All patients underwent resection in 4-8 weeks after the final interventional treatment. The resected specimens were studied by pathologists. Results Group B and group C were superior to group A with extraordinary remarkable difference on the tumor necrosis, the necrosis of invaded capsule, and the necrosis of tumor thrombus in portal vein. There was no significant difference between group B and group C. But the complete necrosis rates of the above-mentioned three indexes were improved from 80%, 71%, and 75% in group B to 100%, 83%, and 86% in group C,respectively. Collateral circulations inside capsule connecting portal vein in noncancerous hepatic tissues were found in group A (8 cases) and group B (2 cases). In addition, necrosis of pseudolobuli and degeneration or necrosis of hepatic cells were found on all sections of noncancerous hepatic tissues around tumor in patients treated by C-THAE, but the similar changes could be seen only on the sections within 1 cm near tumor. Conclusion S-THAE has much stronger ability to kill the tumors and much less damage on noncancerous hepatic tissues compared with C-THAE. PEI plays an important role in killing the residual tumors and improving the necrosis rates of invaded tumors in capsule and tumor thrombus in portal vein. It has also been proved that portal vein takes part in the blood supply of residual tumors.

Objective In order to investigate the role of Gap Junction (GJ) in the generation and development of epilepsy,we examined the expression of connexin43 (Cx43)and Cx32 in the epileptogenic lesions and surrounding brain tissues of the patients with refractory temporal epilepsy.Methods Thirty intractable epilepsy patients were performed the resection of epileptogenic lesions under the ECC monitor.The expression of Cx43 and Cx32 in the epileptogenic lesions and the surrounding brain tissues of the patients were examined by immunohistochemical staining(the two step method).The data were statistically analyzed.Results The results from the immunohistochemistry staining showed that Cx43 and Cx32 were expressed in the epileptogenic lesions and the surrounding brain tissues.The expression of Cx43 in the epileptogenic lesions was increased obviously in comparison with the surrounding brain tissues ( U =4.066,P ＜ 0.001 ).There was no significant difference in the expression of Cx32 between the epileptogenic lesions and the surrounding brain tissues ( U =1.866,P ＞ 0.05 )Conclusion The expression of Cx43 in the epileptogenic focus is increased in comparison with that in the surrounding brain tissues,indicating that GJ plays an important role in the generation and development of epilepsy.There is no significant difference in the expression of Cx32 between the epileptogenic lesions and the surrounding brain tissues,which may be related to the apoptosis of the neurons after multiple seizure attacks.

As a novel fluorescent nanomaterial,quantum dots (QDs) have a prospect for wide application. However , the adverse effects of QDs have become a concern among and more researchers. The toxic actions of QDs in vivo are closely associated with the biotransport and bio?transformation of QDs,which can be affected by the exposure pathways,exposure dose,surface modification and the particle size. Among them,the exposure pathways can affect the absorption and distribution of QDs in vivo,the exposure dose can affect the metabolism and excretion,thus influencing the distribution of QDs in vivo ,the surface modification can affect the distribution ,metabolism and excretion of QDs in vivo,the particle size can affect the absorption,distribution and excretion of QDs in vivo,and larger QDs are more likely to remain in the body and difficult to remove. QDs can enter the body through the circulatory system,get accumulated and degraded in the liver,kidney and other organs. The degraded products can be excerted through excrement and urine under the metabolism in the liver,spleen and kidneys. In addition,QDs can interact with biological macromolecules in the body,causing DNA damage,affecting the function and gene expression level of the liver,kidney,nervous system and other organs,and resulting in pathological and functional damage to tissues and organs.

BACKGROUND:Tol-like receptor (TLR) and its signaling pathway play an important role in autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivity, inflammation, apoptosis and transplant rejection; however, its effects on immune pathogenesis of Henoeh-Schonlein purpura in children have not been fuly elucidated. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the TLR2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cels in children with Henoeh-Schonlein purpura and its correlation with immune response. METHODS: Sixty-four children with Henoeh-Schonlein purpura were divided into two groups: non-renal damage group (n=36) and renal damage group (n=28). Meanwhile, another 30 healthy children subjected to health examination acted as control group. Flow cytometry and florescent quantitative PCR were employed to detect TLR2 protein and mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cels, respectively. ELISA was used to detect plasma interferon-γ and interleukin-4 levels and transforming growth factor β and interleukin-10 levels secreted from Treg cels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Levels of interferon-γ and interferon-γ/interleukin-4 in the children with Henoeh-Schonlein purpura were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), while the level of interleukin-4 was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of TLR2 protein and mRNA was significantly higher in the Henoeh-Schonlein purpura children than the healthy children (P < 0.05) and significantly higher in the renal damage group than the non-renal damage group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor β were significantly higher in the children with Henoeh- Schonlein purpura (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that Henoeh-Schonlein purpura children have increased levels of TLR2 protein and mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cels, and exhibit immune imbalance. TLR2 is involved in the pathogenesis of Henoeh-Schonlein purpura, and transforming growth factor β can be used to evaluate Treg immune response and provide reference for diagnosis, treatment of prognosis of Henoeh-Schonlein purpura children.

Objective To study the effects of community comprehensive intervention model on osteoporosis, in order to provides a reference for osteoporosis health education work. Methods A multistage stratified random cluster sampling was applied to conduct a survey in Jiangsu province, in accordance with the economic level and geographic location. Nanjing, Nantong and Xuzhou cities were sampled, three urban streets were sampled in every district , respectively. A total of 1 500 40-69 years old community residents were screened, 619 high-risk participants for osteoporosis were arranged into the intervention group, and a total of 590 residents from the same communities were chosen as control group, who were gender- and age-matched with the intervention group. The intervention group residents received health management and comprehensive intervention, after half a year, a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the effects. Results Compared with control group, after six months, knowledge of intervention group related to osteoporosis awareness was improved significantly, such as the most serious harm to human body for osteoporosis (χ2=24.27), characteristic of osteoporosis (χ2=11.05), basic supplements to improve bone health (χ2=60.65) , the recommended daily calcium intake to postmenopausal women and the elderly (χ2=26.80), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); daily behavior related to diet and exercise of intervention group has improved significantly, such as drinking milk or itsproducts less than 3 days a week (χ2=25.83), eating beans and products for less than 3 days a week (χ2=19.20), drinking coffee for more than three days a week (χ2=7.77), not often taking outdoor activities (χ2=18.55) ,(P<0.05);Diseases and symptoms related to osteoporosis in intervention group was significantly reduced (P<0.001). Conclusions The osteoporosis is one of the most important public health problem for Jiangsu province, the work for osteoporosis prevention and control should be emphasized in community.

Objective: To observe the relieving cough and reducing sputum effects of total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia and evaluate the safety preliminarily.Methods: The relieving cough and reducing sputum effects of total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia were studied by the cough model caused by the irritation of ammonia water and the phenol red output of trachea in mice.The acute toxicity test and maximum tolerance test were carried out to evaluate the safety.Results: The total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia at low dose could obviously prolong cough incubation period and decrease cough times in mice, and that at high dose could significantly increase the secretion of phenol red in respiratory tract, and compared with those in the blank group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).In the acute toxicity test, no death showed after the administration with maximum tolerance dosage, and the rate of weight growth had no difference between the blank group and the model group (P>0.05).Conclusion: The relieving cough and reducing sputum effects of total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia are notable in the cough model caused by the irritation of ammonia water and the phenol red output of trachea in mice.The maximum tolerable dose test shows the total alkaloid in Atalantia buxifolia is safe.

Objective To study the relationships between patients'personality traits,coping styles, perceived social support and the doctor?patient relationship,try to build the relationship model of patients’ psychological factors and the doctor?patient relationship,and to understand the patients psychological factors influence on the doctor?patient relationship,to provide a basis for improving the doctor?patient relationship. Methods The doctor patient relationship evaluation questionnaire, Eysenck personality questionnaire re?vised,short scale for Chinese( EPQ?RSC) ,simplified coping style questionnaire( SCSQ) and perceived social support scale( PSSS) were used to survey 400 outpatients,using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 17.0 for data analysis. Results There was statistically significant difference in psychoticism between the high and low doctor?pa?tient relationship evaluation score groups( t=-4.537, P<0.01).There was statistically significant difference in positive coping,family support,friend support,other support and perceived social support between the high and low score groups(P<0.05).Psychoticism had a direct positive effect on doctor?patient relationship( r=0.228, P=0.000) ,and perceived social support had a direct negative effect on the doctor?patient relationship ( r=-0.256, P=0.000).Psychoticism,neuroticism,positive coping and negative coping styles could affect the doctor?patient relationship indirectly by perceived social support. Conclusion Patient personality can affect the doctor?patient relationship directly,meanwhile,it can affect the doctor?patient relationship indirectly by perceived social support,and coping styles can only affect the doctor?patient relationship indirectly by per?ceived social support.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of transvaginal endoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods The clinical data of 88 female patients who underwent cholecystectomy at the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from May to November, 2009 were retrospectively analysed. Among all the patients, 32 received transvaginal endoscopic cholecystectomy ( NOTES group) and the remaining 56 patients received laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Thirty-two patients who received LC at the same period were selected (LC group)acccording to age, body mass index, type and severity of disease to conduct a matched case-control study. The differences in time span of postoperative pain, anodyne dose, enterokinesia recovery time, operation time, out-ofbed activity time, average hospital stay and hospitalization expenses between the two groups were compared using the paired t test. Results Cholecystectomies were successfully carried out for all the patients. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, degree of pain, anodyne doses, enterokinesia recovery time, out-of-bed activity time,average hospital stay and hospitalization expenses were (5.7 ± 1.5 ) ml, ( 76 ± 27 ) minutes, 2.2 ± 0.6, ( 10 ±6) mg, (25±5) hours, (9±3) hours, (2.1 ±1.2) days and (1.12±0.34) ×104 yuan in NOTES group, and they were ( 13.9 ± 3.1 ) ml, (38 ± 16) minutes, 6.7 ± 1.5, (28 ± 8) mg, (45 ± 8) hours, (26 ± 6) hours,(4.3 ± 2.1 ) days and ( 1.54 ± 0.18 ) × 104 yuan in the LC group. There were significant differences between the two groups (t = 5.098, - 4.712, 2.417, 3.203, 3.089, 4.136, 4.786, 3.917, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Transvaginal endoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible, and it is superior to tranditional LC.