BACKGROUND:Induced pluripotent stem cels have been a hotspot in regenerative medicine research since it was discovered. The clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cels is excessively focused on, but the safety issue is almost ignored. OBJECTIVE:By summarizing the application of induced pluripotent stem cels in animal experiments to analyze the safety problems of induced pluripotent stem cels and their possible reasons in order to lay a foundation for further study and clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cels. METHODS: PubMed database was retrieved by the first author for articles related to the safety of induced pluripotent stem cels published from 2006 to 2014 using the keywords of “induced pluripotent stem cels, safety, immune, immunogenicity, tumorigenicity, cancer, epigenomic, transplantation, generation, reprogramming,genomic, mutation” in English. Related ful texts were got from Cel Press and Nature Databases. Finaly, 28 articles were chosen in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Safety problems of induced pluripotent stem cels are attracting more and more attentions. Immunogenicity, potential tumorigenicity and epigenetic variation are major risks for the clinical applications of induced pluripotent stem cels. Safety issues of induced pluripotent stem cels mainly come from the reprogramming process. The “integrating genetic manipulation” may lead to a greater risk of tumorigenicity than non-integrating operations. Epigenetic variations emerge in the reprogramming, which are mostly relative to “epigenetic memory” of reprogrammed cels.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of laparoscopic high ligation of inguinal hernia sac in children with veress needle and semi-rigid biopsy forceps.Methods:121 cases of indirect hernia of groin admitted in Rugao People's Hospital from June 2018 to November 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the operation methods, 121 cases were divided into laparoscopic group ( n=76, laparoscopic high ligation of hernia sac with pneumoperitoneum needle and semi rigid biopsy forceps) and traditional operation group ( n=45, high ligation of traditional inguinal incision hernia sac). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, postoperative self activity time and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups; the patients were followed up for 3-21 months, and the proportion of postoperative complications and recurrence cases were compared between the two groups. Results:There was no significant difference in operative time between the two groups ( P=0.335), but the amount of bleeding [(3.8±0.7)ml vs (7.3±1.7)ml, P<0.05], the length of incision [(0.6±0.1)cm vs (1.8±1.2)cm, P<0.05], the time of recovery of self activity [(9.2±2.6)h vs (16.2±4.2)h, P<0.05] and the time of hospitalization [(1.3±0.6)d vs (3.4±1.3)d, P<0.05] in the laparoscopic group were all better than those in the traditional operation group; the proportion of complications and recurrence in the laparoscopic group during the follow-up period was less than that in the traditional operation group (χ 2=5.243, P=0.022). Conclusions:Laparoscopic high ligation of indirect hernia sac in children with veress needle and semi-rigid biopsy forceps has the advantages of small trauma, fast recovery and less postoperative complications, and the equipment is easy to obtain, which is convenient to carry out and promote in basic hospitals.

Thirty-seven patients with primary osteosarcoma treated with local radiation and arterial perfusion of cytotoxic agents followed by systemic chemotherapy from April 1986 to April 1992. Several patients themselves stopped the treatment. All patients were divided into 3 groups: Group A (18 cases) were treated by local radiation and arterial perfusion of DDP, followed by systemic chemotherapy; Group B (14 cases) were treated by local radiation and arterial perfusion with no or insufficient dose of systemic chemotherapy; Group C (5 cases) were treated by local radiation and arterial perfusion with insufficient half dose and no systemic chemotherapy. Except the patients in group C, all other patients(32 cases) were followed-up from 24 to 95 months. Local control rate of the tumors was 93.8%, hypokinesis rate of the limps decreased from 93.8% to 40.6%, and mean survival time with no evidence of cancer was 38 months after treatment . survival rates of 2,3,5 and 7 years in group A were 94.4%,92.3%,72.7% and 50%,respectively.The mean survival time from lung metastasis to death in 19 patients was 13.6 months. Our date showed that long term survival of group A was superior to other groups (P

according to the difference of femoral eccentricity on the affected and healthy sides. In the reduction group (30 cases), the difference value was <-5 mm. In the normal group (87 cases), the difference value was -5-5 mm. In the increased group (45 cases), the difference value was > 5 mm. Femoral stem and femoral prosthesis type were compared among different groups. SF-12 scale score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Harris score were evaluated and compared before and after replacement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Standard eccentricity of femoral prosthesis mainly accounted for 77%, 63% and 73% in the reduction group, normal group and increased group, respectively (P > 0.05). No significant difference in average eccentricity was detected in each group between the affected and healthy sides (P> 0.05). WOMAC score was significantly higher after replacement than that before replacement in three groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference in WOMAC score was found among three groups before replacement (P > 0.05). No significant differences in pain and stiffness were detected among three groups after replacement (P > 0.05), and significant differences in physical function were found (P < 0.05). The physical function was highest in the normal group. No significant difference in SF-12 scale score was seen in the three groups before and after replacement (P > 0.05). The physical ability score was elevated after replacement in the three groups (P < 0.05). Mental scores were significantly elevated in reduction and normal groups (P < 0.05). The excelent and good rate of Harris score was significantly higher in the increased group (96%) than in the reduction group (70%) and normal group (87%) (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the increased eccentricity contributed to the pain easement after total hip arthroplasty and promoted functional recovery. The decreased eccentricity could worsen patient’s pain, and was not conducive to the restoration of joint function after replacement.

Objective To explore the CT and MR imaging characteristics of intracranial melanomas. Methods CT and MRI characteristics in five patients admitted to our hospital from June 1993 to June 2000 and diagnosed as intracranial melanomas were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were two cases of primary melanoma and three cases of secondary melanoma. All the cases were examined by CT. The lesions presented as high density in 4 cases, and low density in only 1 case. Four cases were examined by MRI. Short T 1 and short T 2 signals were found in 3 cases, and slightly long T 1 and short T 2 signal was found in 1 case. Conclusion There are some special characteristics of melanomas on the MR imaging, which are helpful to ensure the diagnosis and distinguish the primary melanomas from secondary melanomas.

Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of appendix tumor.Methods The clinical data of 58 cases with primary appendiceal tumor were analyzed retrospectively.Results In the 58 cases clinical presentation mimicked acute appendicitis in 22 cases,chronic appendicitis in 15 cases,appendiceal abscess in 12 cases,intra-abdominal mass in 7 cases,and gastrointestinal perforation in 2 cases.Primary appendiceal tumor was diagnosed intraoperatively by intraoperative frozen histopathological examination in 10 cases,and the diagnosis was made by postoperative histopathological examination in the other 48 cases.There was appendiceal carcinoid in 40 cases,adenocarcinoma in 6 cases,mucocele in 2 cases,mucous adenocystoadenoma in 5 cases,pseudomyxoma peritonei in 2 cases,malignant neurilemmoma in 1 case,and malignant lymphoma in 2 cases.Surgical procedures included appendectomy in 6 cases,ileocecal resection in 8 cases,and right hemicolectomy in 44 cases (including right hemicolectomy and intraperitoneal chemotherapy with 5-FU 1 000 mg for pseudomyxoma peritonei in 2 cases).Radical resection was achieved in 55 cases and palliative resection in 3 cases.The 2 cases with pseudomyxoma peritonei died of tumor recurrence at 36 months and 54 months after operation respectively.All the 5 cases of adenocystoadenoma and 2 cases of appendix cyst survived without an evidence of recurrence.7 of 49 cases of malignant appendiceal tumor suffered recurrence postoperatively,the recurrence rate was 14％,which included liver metastasis in 4 cases and intraperitoneal recurrence in 3 cases.The 1,3,5-year survival rates of malignant appendiceal tumors were 100％ (49/49),92％ (35/49) and 80％ (39/49),respectively,which were 100％,98％ and 92％ for carcinoid,and 100％,67％ and 33％ for adenocarcinoma,respectively.Conclusions The preoperative diagnosis of primary appendiceal tumor is very difficult,the intraoperative frozen histopathological examination is helpful for diagnosis,the prognosis of appendiceal carcinoid is fair after resection.

Objective To investigate error-related negativity characteristics of patients with internalizing mental disorders and its diagnostic value.Methods Fifty-five patients met with DSM-Ⅳ anxiety or depression criteria were sampled from outpatients and inpatients,and 20 normal adults were selected as control group.With Eriksen and Simon tasks as evoked stimuli,error-related negativities of each participant were acquired using Canada Stellate-64 channel EEG/ERP Instrument and BESA5.2 software,and the data of general information,clinical symptoms,reaction time,and error rate were collected.Results (1) Correct reaction time ((377.5±98.8) ms)and errors reaction time ((337.3±96.6)ms) of patient group were significantly longer than those of control group ((288.5±105.9)ms and (281.9±94.3)ms) on the Eriksen task and Simon task,and there were no significantly group differences on other indicators (P＞0.05).(2) ERN amplitudes at 6 sities (Fz =(4.97±5.74) μV,F3 =(5.50±4.59) μV,F4 =(6.26±6.79) μV,Cz =(4.74±5.51) μV,C3 =(5.44±4.8) μV,C4 =(5.50± 5.28) μV) of patients group were significantly greater than those of control group ((1.17± 1.47)μV,(2.22±3.95) μV,(3.40±2.55)μV,(2.28± 1.41) μV,(3.05±2.47) μV,(3.16±2.51) μV) on the Eriksen task.ERN amplitudes at Fz((5.43±6.61) μV) and F4((6.00±5.50)μV) of patient group were significantly were greater than those of control group ((2.05 ±2.34) μV,(3.09±2.86)μV) on the Simon task,and there were no significantly group differences on the ERN amplitudes at other sites (P＞0.05).(3) ERN latencies ((87.6±34.4) ms and (84.9±34.8) ms) of patient group at Fz and F4 were significantly longer than control group ((54.0±46.5) ms and (36.3±42.4)ms) on the Simon task,and there were no significantly group differences on the ERN latencies at other sites (P＞0.05).Conclusion The increased error related potentials suggest that patients with internalizing mental disorders has an internal error monitoring defects,and ERN might be a useful endophenotype for internalizing mental disorders.

Objection To observe the change rules of quantity and species of diatom sin Hunhe River in Shenyang and to provide technology and scientific evidence for drow ning identification and the location of drow ning in forensic investigation. Methods In 2011, different locations for collecting water sam pleswere chosen in Hunhe River in Shenyang. Water sam pleswere collected and variation of quantity and species of diatom swere observed every month. And variation of dom inant species of diatom swas ob-served every week. Results The quantity, speciesand dom inant species of diatom sin Hunhe River in Shenyang varied with different tim eand locations. The quantity and species of diatom swere lowest from Decem ber to February and gradually increased, reaching peak in May and second peak in October, and then gradually decreased. The dom inant species of diatom s varied significantly adjacent two weeksat same location from April to N ovem ber, but had little changesat different locationsin same week from July to August. Conclusion The change rules of quantity and species of diatom sare com plicated and affected by various factors such as environm ent and hydrology. The change rules of speciesand quantity of diatom s should be considered in forensic investigation of drow ning identification and the lo-cation of drow ning.

AIM: To explore the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined with vitamin E on the inflammatory reaction in acute kidney injury ( AKI) rats.METHODS:Gentamicin was used to in-duce AKI and the rats were treated with BMSCs combined with vitamin E.After treatment, the rat plasma and kidney tis-sues were collected, and the expression of inflammatory factors at mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time quan-titative PCR and ELISA.RESULTS:After the treatment with BMSCs combined with vitamin E, the inflammatory proteins were down-regulated in the plasma and the renal tissues.Compared with single treatment group, the decreases in the in-flammatory proteins were more obvious in combined treatment group.CONCLUSION: The method of BMSCs combined with vitamin E takes the anti-inflammatory effect on AKI, indicating a new and potential mode in clinical application for AKI therapy.

Objective To study the effects of quercetin(QUE) on proliferation of rat glioma C6 cell line in vitro.Methods The cells were divided into 5 treatment groups(10,25,50,75 and 100 ?mol?L~(-1) QUE),blank control and menstruum control group.The rat C6 cells were cultivated to 1?10~6?mL~(-1) in the RPMI 1640 medium,then added into 96 holes board with various doses of QUE by 3 holes per group,and MTT assay was used to observe the proliferation of the cells treated for 24,48 and 72 h.The change of cell cycle was also observed by flow cytometry(FCM) after the cells were treated with 50 and 100 ?mol?L~(-1) QUE for 48 h.The changes of the protein P53 and Bcl-2 of C6 cells treated with 50 ?mol?L~(-1) QUE for 48 h were detected by immunocytochemical methods.(Results With) the augmentation of QUE and the extension of the treated time,the C6 cell growth was inhibited,the A values decreased and the cell number in G_0/G_l phase was increased,the cell numbers in S and G_2/M phases were cut down,and the decreased expression of Bcl-2 protein and the increased expression of P53 protein were also observed after treatment with QUE.Conclusion Inhibitory effect of QUE on C6 cell line is proved to be dependent on the treated time of the drug and the dose of QUE,and the induced apoptosis of C6 cells is implemented by the means of up-regulation of P53 protein expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression.