OBJECTIVE:To fathom the overseas research method for the evaluation of pharmacoeconomics and to improve the development of pharmacoeconomics in China and provide scientific bases for clinical rational use of medicine.METHODS:The research paper abroad introducing the latest therapeutic scheme for breast cancer was taken as an example to expound the method of applying Markov model in the evaluation of pharmacoeconomics.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Drawing useful experience from abroad about the analytical method and using decision analytic model for the study of pharmacoeconomics are conducive to the development of pharmacoeconomics in China.

Objective To discuss the risk factors of the chronic obstructive nephropathy progression.Methods A retrospective analysis of the patients with chronic obstroctive nephropathy was performed.Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify correlate risk factors of the chronic obstructive nephrupathy progression.All calculation were compu- ted with the aid of SPSS 10.0 software package.Results In the analysis of risk factors of the chronic obstructive ne- phropathy progression,gender(OR=1.963,P=0.018),hypertention(OR=2.228,P=0.039),hyperuricemia (OR=4.204,P=0.000),hypocalcemia(OR=2.612,P=0.031),proteinuric(OR=1.639,P=0.049),hy- poabumia(OR=5.505,P=0.000),SIRS(OR=6.113,P=0.000),anemia(OR=5.257,P=0.000),renal atophy(OR=5.964,P=0.009),contrast medium(OR=6.113,P

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of herb-partitioned spreading moxibustion at Baliao points plus climen for diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Methods: A total of 60 patients with DOR were randomized into a spreading moxibustion group and a Western medicine group by the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The Western medicine group was treated with climen, starting from the 5th day of the menstrual cycle for 21 d. The spreading moxibustion group was treated with herb-partitioned spreading moxibustion at Baliao points on the basis of the medication in the Western medicine group, 1 h per time, once a week. The treatment was performed for 1 month as one treatment course in both groups, for 3 courses in total. The serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) in the patients were measured before and after treatment. The peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI) were also detected. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom score was evaluated. The clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment. Results: The total effective rate in the spreading moxibustion group was 93.3％, which was significantly higher than 80.0％ in the Western medicine group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM symptom scores, the serum FSH levels, FSH/LH ratios and RI in both groups decreased, and the intra-group differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). The serum E2 level and PSV increased compared with those in the same group before treatment, and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM symptom score, the serum FSH level, FSH/LH ratio and RI in the spreading moxibustion group were lower than those in the Western medicine group, while the serum E2 level and PSV were higher than those in the Western medicine group, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Herb-partitioned spreading moxibustion at Baliao points plus climen can produce valid therapeutic efficacy for DOR. It can improve the clinical symptoms, regulate serum hormone levels and increase ovarian blood perfusion, thus improving ovarian reserve function, producing more significant efficacy than climen alone.

Stature is one of the important criteria to individual recognition. And it is always a focus in forensic anthropology. There are some new progresses studies in stature estimation in recent years. We review some studies in stature estimation published in domestic and foreign in the past six years, and find some progresses in stature estimation: (1) As the increasing average human stature, the stature estimation equation is needed to be corrected; (2) Gender, age, race and territory have a great influence to stature estimation. Thus when the study protocol designed, these influences should be considered; (3)The medical imaging technology, especially Computed Tomography, is becoming a new tool to infer stature estimation in forensic anthropology.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the clinical characteristics and incidence of Brucella encephalitis and meningitis in children. Methods We report the clinical data of a child with Brucella melitensis meningitis in children, and summarize the incidence, diagnosis methods and treatment of Brucella encephalitis or meningitis in children, taking into account the relevant domestic and foreign literature from January 2014 to December 2020. Results　A 4-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital with status epilepticus on March 15, 2021 because of interrupted right limb numbness for 16 hours and convulsions for 2 hours. She had 2 non-febrile convulsions three months before admission and was diagnosed with epilepsy. This incident was acute, accompanied by low fever, with epilepsy as the main manifestation. Cerebrospinal fluid test suggested central nervous system infection, but the nature of infection could not be determined by routine and biochemistry of cerebrospinal fluid.The cerebrospinal fluid next generation sequencing confirmed that the pathogen of the infection was B. melitensis, which was further verified by the peripheral blood antibody test. After effective antibiotics combined with a full course of treatment, the patient recovered after six months of treatment. A total of 60 articles were retrieved in the database, including 29 in Chinese. During this period, a total of 7 cases of brucellosis in children with nervous system involvement were reported, one of which was a case report, and the other 6 cases were mentioned in the comprehensive analysis of children with brucellosis. Conclusions　Brucella encephalitis or meningitis in children has a low incidence and various clinical features, which are easy to be misdiagnosed or missed.

Objective :To comprehensively analyze therapeutic effect of clopidogrel combined aspirin on acute myo-cardial infarction (AMI).Methods :A total of 100 AMI patients treated in our hospital were selected ,and equally divided into clopidogrel group and combined treatment group (received clopidogrel combined aspirin ).Both groups received routine treatment for 4 weeks .Total effective rate ,platelet aggregation rate (PAR) ,coronary recanaliza-tion time ,prothrombin time (PT) ,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and incidence rate of cardiovascular e-vents during hospitalization were compared between two groups .Results :Total effective rate of combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of clopidogrel group (96. 00% vs.80.00%, P＝0.014).Compared with clopidogrel group after treatment ,there were significant reductions in PAR [ (47.63 ± 7.83)% vs.(38.45 ± 8.55)%] ,incidence rate of cardiovascular events (24.00% vs.4.00%) and coronary recanalization time [(45.44 ± 4.42) vs.(41.93 ± 5.85)] ,P and significant rise in LVEF [ (48.56 ± 5.79)% vs.(55.51 ± 6.44)%] in combined treatment group , P＜0. 01 all.Conclusion : The clinical effect of clopidogrel combined with aspirin in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction is significant .

Microalgae biodiesel can solve these problems currently of plants materials,such as:shortage of arable land,impact of climate change for production and to lead high crop prices and so on.Constructing "engineered microalgae" through transgenic technology,the microalgae have capacity of high growth,shorter periods of growth and several times higher oil production than terrestrial plants.Furthermore,sea water can be as its natural medium for industrial production.The advantages of microalgae biodiesel,current status and progress of researches on engineered microalgae as well as product technologies of microalgal biodiesel was introduced.

Muscle fatigue is a common complaint in clinical practice. In humans, muscle fatigue can be defined as exercise-induced decrease in the ability to produce force. Here, to provide a general understanding and describe potential therapies for muscle fatigue, we summarize studies on muscle fatigue, including topics such as the sequence of events observed during force production, in vivo fatigue-site evaluation techniques, diagnostic markers and non-specific but effective treatments.
Humans ; Muscle Fatigue*

OBJECTIVE: To verify the therapeutic effect and adverse reactions of ?-receptor blocker, domestic urapidil, on severe hypertension. METHODS: Observation was carried out in a multi-center, random sampling and controlled pattern. Drug was iv injected first and then infused. At the same time, the patients' systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate, EKG, blood & urine routine, serum GPT and urea nitrogen were measured and examined.RESULTS: Of 41 cases in this series. 16 satis- factory(39.0%), 23 improved (56.1%), 2 unsatisfactory(4.9%) .The total effective rate was 95.1%. After drug administra- tion, systolic pressure was lowered by 43 .97mmHg(P

OBJECTIVETo study and compare the anti-inflammatory effect and molecular mechanism of artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin.

METHODMouse mononuclear macrophage RAW264.7 cells were stimulated to release inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NO, in order to assess the drugs' inhibitory effect on macrophage's release of above inflammatory mediators. The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were determined by ELISA and the cytotoxicity was determined by MTT method. The protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and beta-actin were tested by Western blot. The enzymatic activity of COX-2 was determined by colorimetric method.

RESULTDihydroartemisinin significantly inhibited LPS-induced release of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NO from RAW264.7 in mice with the concentration range of 12.5 - 100 micromol x L(-1), and showed good dose dependence. Artemisinin only inhibited the IL-6 release to a certain extent.

CONCLUSIONDihydroartemisinin inhibits macrophages from releasing inflammatory factors TNF-alpha and IL-6 and inflammatory mediators NO by down-regulating iNOS protein. Artemisinin may help dihydroartemisinin to show its anti-inflammatory effect through metabolism.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Artemisinins ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Inflammation Mediators ; immunology ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; immunology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; immunology