Objective To observe the distribution of substance P in the accessory auditory pathway of pigeon. Methods Immunocytochemical staining by using specific antibody against substance P was used. Results Intensely stained SP-like immunoreactive (SP-ir) neurons and fibers were mainly observed in the nucleus intercollicularis (ICo), periphery area of nucleus ventralis leminisci lateralis(VLV), shell area of nucleus ovoidalis (Ov), nucleus periventricularis magnocellularis (PVM), nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami(VMN), periphery area of the nucleus taeniae (Tn) of posterior archistriatum, nucleus preopticus anterior(POA), and the tractus septomesencephalicus(TSM).Conclusion There are many SP-ir structures in the accessory auditory pathway and brain regions related to reproductive control of the pigeon. Our results suggest SP may play a functional role in the vocal and endocrine regulation.

Objective: To study therapeutic effect of atorvastatin on patients with asymptomatic heart failure (AHF) after myocardial infarction, and its influence on prognosis.Methods: Clinical data of 100 AHF patients after myocardial infarction, who were treated in our hospital from Jul 2014 to Jul 2015, were analyzed.According to random number table, patients were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and atorvastatin group (received atorvastatin based on routine treatment).Cardiac function indexes, plasma levels of BNP and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), 6min walking distance (6MWD) and cardiac function score were measured and compared between two groups before and after treatment.Course of treatment was one year.Results: Compared with before treatment, after treatment, there were significant rise in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and 6MWD, and significant reductions in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESd), plasma levels of BNP and NT-proBNP, and cardiac function score in both groups(P=0.001 all).Compared with routine treatment group after treatment, there were significant rise in LVEF [(52.48±8.65)% vs.(57.86±9.70)%] and 6MWD [(262.60±12.40)m vs.(282.65±15.50)m], and significant reductions in LVESd [(36.23±2.13)mm vs.(30.08±2.05)mm], LVEDd [(58.61±6.40)mm vs.(51.25±6.18)mm], plasma levels of BNP [(267.48±42.10)pg/ml vs.(149.40±32.30)pg/ml] and NT-proBNP [(524.65±138.60)pg/ml vs.(406.20±112.45)pg/ml], and cardiac function score [(2.30±0.22) scores vs.(1.15±0.10) scores] in atorvastatin group(P<0.01 all).Conclusion: Atorvastatin can alleviate left ventricular remodeling, reduce plasma levels of BNP and NT-proBNP, and improve cardiac function in AHF patients after myocardial infarction, which is worth extending.

Objective To study the significance of antikeratin antibodies(AKA) in rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Method Serum samples of 98 patients with RA and 70 rheumatic disease controls were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay.The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of AKA were compared with rheumatoid factor(RF). The features of clinical manifestation and lab findings were compared in patients with RA who were positive for AKA with ones who were negative.Results The positive rate of AKA in RA patients was significantly higher than that in rheumatic disease controls.AKA showed a diagnostic specificity of 97.1%, higher than RF.RA patients who were positive for AKA had more active disease as assessed based on clinical, laboratory tests,and radiological variables, as compared with AKA negative patients. Conclusion AKA showes high disease specificity and has prognostic significance in patients with RA.

Objective To determine the median effective dose ( ED50 ) of sufentanil blunting re?sponses to double?lumen endotracheal intubation when combined with propofol. Methods American Socie?ty of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠorⅡpatients, aged 45-64 yr, with body mass index<30 kg∕m2 , of Mallampati classⅠor Ⅱ, undergoing elective thoracic surgery under general anesthesia, were enrolled. Sufentanil was injected intravenously with the initial dose of 0?6μg∕kg, and then propofol 1 mg∕kg was in?jected slowly until the patients lost consciousness. After loss of consciousness, cisatracurium 0?3 mg∕kg was injected intravenously, and propofol 0-1?5 mg∕kg was injected intermittently to maintain bispectral index value ranging from 45 to 55. A double?lumen endotracheal tube was placed at 3 min after administrattion of muscle relaxants. The dose of sufentanil was determined by modified Dixon′s up?and?down method. The dose of sufentanil was increased∕decreased by 0?1 μg∕kg in the next patient. At least 6 independent cross?over pairs were observed, and the test was completed. The response to double?lumen endotracheal intuba?tion was defined as an increase in mean arterial pressure ≥ 20% of the baseline value and∕or heart rate >90 bpm within 5 min after intubation. The ED50 and 95% confidence interval of sufentanil blunting the re?sponses to double?lumen endotracheal intubation were calculated using probit method. Results The ED50 ( 95% confidence interval) of sufentanil blunting the responses to double?lumen endotracheal intubation was 0?464 (0?309-0?580) μg∕kg. Conclusion When combined with propofol, the ED50 of sufentanil blun?ting the responses to double?lumen endotracheal intubation is 0?464 μg∕kg.

Objective To determine the effective dose 50 (ED50) of sufentanil blunting the responses to double-lumen endotracheal intubation under propofol in elderly patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients aged 65-78 years with body mass index＜30 kg/m2 , American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I or Ⅱ and Mallampati grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ who underwent onelung ventilation under general anesthesia.Induction of anesthesia was initiated with sufentanil.Then propofol was administered to maintain a bispectral index (BIS) value ranging between 45 and 55.When the patients lost consciousness, cisatracurium 0.30 mg/kg was administrated, followed by double lumen endotracheal intubation.The dose of sufentanil was determined by the up and down sequential test.The initial dose was 0.50 μg/kg and the difference between two successive doses was 0.10 μg/kg.Responses to double-lumen endotracheal intubation were defined as the increase in invasive systolic blood pressure≥20％ of the baseline values and/or heart rate ＞90 bpm within 3 min after tracheal intubation.The ED50 (95％ confidence interval) of sufentanil blunting the responses to double-lumen endotracheal intubation was calculated.Results The ED50 (95％confidence interval) of sufentanil blunting the responses to double-lumen endotracheal intubation in elderly patients was 0.331 μg/kg, and the 95％ confidence interval was 0.246-0.409 μg/kg.Conclusions Under propofol to maintain BIS 45 55, the ED50 of sufentanil blunting the responses to double-lumen endotracheal intubation in elderly patients was 0.331 μg/kg.

The influence of ?-ionone and ergosterol on the growth and the yield of CoQ_ 10 in yeast was investigated. The results indicated that ?-ionone had the stimulative effect on the biosynthesis of CoQ_ 10 in yeast, and 28.3% increase of the CoQ_ 10 content in the cell was observed when the concentration of ?-ionone in the medium was 0.208?10~ -3 mol/L. Little ergosterol also had the same effect with ?-ionone, while 31.3% increase of the CoQ_ 10 content in the cell was observed when the concentration of ergosterol in the medium was 0.15?10~ -4 mol/L. However, the biosynthesis of CoQ_ 10 was inhibited when the concentration of ergosterol was 0.60?10~ -4 mol/L. Addition of ?-ionone and ergosterol to the medium resulted in 36.1% increase over the control. The results showed that the cell could effectively accumulate more CoQ_ 10 with the addition of ?-ionone and ergosterol to the medium.

0.05), but the symptom of fever and character of respiratory tract's secretion of the patients in experiment group took turns for better obviously than the control group's ( P

Tumor cells can metabolize glucose through glycolysis to intermediates for biomacromolecule synthesis by inhibiting the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) in mitochondria. In this process, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) play a key role. The inhibition of the activity of PDKs can effectively block this metabolic pathway, activate mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, and induce tumor cell apoptosis. PDK inhibitors have become a research hotspot in medicinal chemistry, and novel structures targeting classical binding sites have been synthesized. In this paper, recent research progress on PDK inhibitors is reviewed to provide information on these latest entities and to explore their clinical applicability.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic degenerative disease of central nervous system.The disease onset slow,early typical performance for the decline in judgment,lack of initiative,moodiness,etc,clinical manifestations of memory loss, cognitive dysfunction based.Cerebrolysin is a akind ofneurotrophicpeptidegic mixture obtained by normalized enzymolysisof lipid-free porcine brain proteins,it is rich in various amino acids,small molecule polypeptide and various essential elements such as magnesium, phosphorus and selenium.Several studies have shown that cerebrolysin can significantly improve the memory,anxiety,fatigue,dizziness and other symptoms of AD patients.In this paper,the research progress of cerebrolysin in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease were reviewed to provide reference for the comprehensive development and clinical application of cerebrolysin .