Objective:To study the effects of acitretin or IFNα-2a or both on the apoptosis and caspases expressions in human-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCL-12.Methods: SCL-12 cells were cultured in vitro in the presence of or acitretin or IFNα-2a or both.Apoptosis was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in these cells.Apoptotic cells were observed by acridine orange staining .The protein expressions of caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 in SCL-12 cells were analyzed by Western blot.Results:The inhibition ratio of the cell growth significantly higher in groups of Acitretin or IFNα-2a or both than control group , and the effects of Acitretin combined with IFNα-2a stronger than the Acitretin or IFNα-2a.Caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 were significantly activated in combined group .The effects of Acitretin combined with IFNα-2a stronger than the Acitretin or IFNα-2a.Conclusion:Acitretin or IFNα-2a or both plays a central role in the apoptosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells ,which may be related to the Fas-way and mitochondria-way.

Objective To investigate the influence of early postoperative enteral nutrition on the immunologic function and inci-sion infection in the patients with colorectal cancer .Methods 81 postoperative cases of colorectal cancer were randomly divided into the early parenteral nutrition(41 cases) ,and the early enteral nutrition(40 cases) by the random number table method .The anal ex-haust time ,ambulation time and occurrence situation of incision infection ,etc .were compared between the two groups ,and the im-munological indexes changes were also compared .Results Postoperative anal exhaust time ,bed activity time and the occurrence rate of incision infection in the early enteral nutrition group were significantly lower than those in the early parenteral nutrition group (P<0 .05);Th1/Th2 and lymphocyte count in the early enteral nutrition group were significantly higher than those in the early parenteral nutrition group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The early postoperative enteral nutrition support in the patients with colorectal cancer can effectively improve the body's immune function and is an ideal method of nutritional support .

As pattern recognition receptors of innate immunity,Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the identification of pathogens,regulation of adaptive immunity and signal transduction.With more exploration of the mechanism of microbial keratitis and the acute or chronic rejection after penetrating keratoplasty,the induction and regulation of TLRs on the corneal immune response is increasingly concerned.Up to now,more and more studies of immune signal pathway of TLRs in mediating inflammatory response of bacterial keratitis,fungal keratitis,viral keratitis and graft rejection have been documented.To regulate the expression of TLRs is undoubtedly available for lightening and arresting the immuno-inflammatory response.Here,the current knowledge about TLRs,their signal transduction pathway and their regulation on corneal immunity are summarized,aiming to discuss their significant effects and the potential therapeutic targets.

Congenital cataract is the leading cause for low vision and blindness in infancy and childhood.One third of congenital cataract cases are associated with genetic mutation and hereditary,and the etiology of congenital cataract is heterogenous and its phenotype is variable.The known mutation genes include encoding structural lens protein,gap junction protein,membrane protein and lens-developing-related regulatory protein.Location and identification of mutation genes in congenital cataract patients are necessary for us to understand the molecular defects and pathophysiologic features of congenital cataract.With the development of molecular biology techniques,the study on the mechanism of congenital cataract has made great progress,which is helpful for us to further understand the heredity pattern as well as the influence of environment and nourishment to the metabolism of lens.The purpose of this review was to summarize the literature of current advance in the study on molecular genetic basis of congenital cataract.

Objective To understand the status and developmental trends of the research on anterolateral thigh flap. Methods The PubMed search was downloaded and the results were imported into the EndNote database,then the distribution was analysed by age,nation,language,periodical and frequency.Results There were 236 articles on anterolateral thigh flap in PubMed from 1996 to August 2006.The amount of articles multiply increased from 2002 to August 2006,at eighty percent of all.They were published in 8 languages,in 47 journals and from 9 countries.China and the USA are the major countries of the publication,with 77 articles each,which altogether took up 65.2% of the total.Words of a high frequency are as follows: free skip flap,island skin flap,ultrathin skin flap,perforating artery,and descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery,the frequency ratio of which is up to 97.46%.Conclusion The papers on anterolateral thigh flap are written mainly by China and USA;English is the main publishing language;The articles are chiefly published by Plast Reconstr Surg and other 8 journals.The research emphases of the anterolateral thigh flap are on free skip flap,perforating flap,ultrathin skin flap,and island flap.Angiography and 3D-reconstruction are the recent techniques for the research.

Objective:To investigate the dynamic changes of coagulation system following radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA) and effect of molecular weight heparin. Methods:Blood samples were collected at 6 different times to measure the thrombin-antithrombinⅢcomplex (TAT) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in 60 RFCA candidates and 22 controls undergoing electrophysiological study (EPS).Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups.Low molecular weight heparin was given to 31 pationts (subgroup B) after RFCA,but not to the others (subgroup A). Results:①Plasma TAT exhibited a double peaked pattern in the subgroup A.The first peak occurred instantly after RFCA (42.8?15.7 ng/ml),and the second 3 days later (20.1?19.4 ng/ml).The second peak was significantly higher than that of the control group (2.7?1.5 ng/ml) and the subgroup B(4.3?5.2 ng/ml)(P

BACKGROUND: Some researches report that diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can appear abnormal signal in minutes after cerebral ischemia.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the manifestation and regularity of diffusion coefficient in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) of rats after cerebral ischemia.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Neurological Department of Clinical College of ChongqingMedical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the Radiological Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from April to July 2004. Totally 18 adult Wistar rats with clean grade were randomly divided into three groups: control group, sham operation group and cerebral ischemia group with 6 rats in each group.METHODS: The origin of right middle cerebral artery was blocked with filament into right internal carotid. In the sham-operated group, the filament was just inserted into the common carotid artery not into the origin of middle cerebral artery, rats in normal control group were not treated with anything after anesthesia. MRI experiments were performed on a 1.5 T GE signa Highspeed NMR spectrometer to obtain DWI and ADC values at the time-point of 7, 15, 30, 60 minutes, 3,6, 12, 24 hours, 3, 7, 15 days, 1 and 2 months after operation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of ADCs in infarct hemisphere and contralateral hemisphere.RESULTS: There was no significant change in MRI T1-and T2-weighted imaging in rats at 7 minutes post-infarction, but abnormal high intensity was emerged during the period of 1 hour to 3 hours, and enlarged over time. Finally, the infarction area located the right basal ganglia and the frontal-parietal lobes at 12 hours and increased less significantly later.Focal abnormal high signal was noted in DWI 7 minutes after cerebral ischemic insult, and the ADC values was decreased at the same time,reduced gradually after significant recover at 30 minutes, dropped to the lowest level at 12 hours and again increased at 24 hours, since then all the ADC values were remained high throughout follow-up, which increased by 5 times at 2 months than that at 12 hours. Correspondingly,rADC values showed the contrary pattern of evolution.CONCLUSION: It is reflected that ADC is highly sensitive not only to onset of cerebral ischemia but also to chronic cerebral ischemia.

Objective To investigate the surgical approach of the reasonable radical resection for carcino-mas of pancreatic head. Method 35 of 110 patients with carcinomas of pancreatic head underwent the surgical ap-proach of the posterior aspect of the radical resection for carcinomas of pancreatic head, and histopathological findings and prognosis were analyzed. Results The rate of curative resection rate was 31.82%. 3 patients underwent pancre-atoduodenectomy with partial resection of SMV for 9 patients with macroscopic suspicion of invasion of the SMV. The survival rate of the 5 years was 17.14% and the patients exceed 10 years. Conclusion Surgical approach of the reasonable radical resection for carcinomas of pancreatic head allows the reasonable radical resection,and may lead to increasing the resectability rate and the prognosis in the patients with carcinomas of pancreatic head.

Objective To study the relationship with internet addiction disorder(IAD)of the youth,the degree of IAD and home environment,attachment.To study the relationship with home environment and attachment.Methods 490 students were assessed with Internet Addiction Disorder Test,FES-CV,Attachment Questionnaire.Results 37 subjects can be defined as IAD according to Internet Addition Disorder test;IAD group have a higher score in contradictoriness(P＜0.05)of home environment and lack of maternal love,lack of fatherly love,father's rejection,parent's passive entangle,angry with parent[the average score of IAD group Was 13.16±4.62,14.18±5.42,14.41±5.44,19.10±4.59,18.89±4.42,12.37±4.80,11.35±4.17;the average score of normal group was 11.77±4.06,11.59±4.02,16.56±4.99,15.78±4.91,9.87±4.52,9.65±4.25,P＜0.05,0.01].Home environment were significantly correlated with all factors of attachment except independence(P＜0.05,0.01).There Was a significant negative correlation between the degree of IAD and lack of maternal love(r=-0.360).Conclusion Contradiction in home environment and passive attachment,that played an important role in internet addiction disorder of the youth.

To probe tentatively into the relations of Terminalia chebula Retz., Terminalia billerica (Gaertn.) Roxb, and Phyllanthus emblica L. between TCM and Tibetan medicine. Methods　Textual researches of materia medica were carried out and their history in clinical application were traced. Results　T. chebula, T. billerica, P. emblica were all of foreign origin and were introduced into China with Buddhism. As compared in medical practice, the Tibetan autonomony region has their particular choice and preference. Conclusion　We should apply modern scientific research achievements to carry out deep mutual exchanges to enrich TCM.