Our experiments have shown that bee venom possesses effects of significantly increasing the fluidity of erythrocyte membrane,markedly decreasing the whole blood and plasma viscosities,accelerating erythrocyte microelectrophoresis speed and reducing erythrocyte rigidity index in rabbit. The results showed that bee venom can markedly change some of the parameters of hemorrheology,and possess certain effects in promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis.

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Objective To explore the conventional MRI,diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)characteristics and the pathological basis of angiomatous meningioma.Methods The conventional MRI,DWI and pathological manifestations of 7 cases with angioma-tous meningioma confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)value of the tumors and contralateral normal brain parenchyma were measured and compared with each other.Results Among the 7 ca-ses,5 cases were in the convexity of brain (4 cases in the frontal part and 1 case in the parietal part),and 2 cases in the parasella. 6 cases showed hypointense on T1 WI and hyperintense on T2 WI,and 1 case showed isointense on both T1 WI and T2 WI.The necro-sis within the tumor was seen in 2 cases.The flowing void phenomenon was seen in 6 cases.The significant peritumoral edema was seen in 5 cases on FLAIR.Significant enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1 WI was seen in all the cases.The average ADC value of the tumors (1.35×10 -3 mm2/s)was significently higher than that of the contralateral normal parenchyma (0.92 × 10 -3 mm2/s) (t=7.21,P <0.01).Mature vessel component was seen on pathological section in all the cases.For immunohistochemically analy-sis,the expression of vimentin (Vim)was positive in 6 cases and scattered positive in 1 case.The expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)was positive in all the cases.Conclusion The MRI features of angiomatous meningioma are closely correlated with rich blood vessels.The ADC value of the tumor is higher than that of the contralateral parenchyma,which is helpful for the diagno-sis.

Objective To explore the expression of cell apoptosis regulatory elements in esophageal canceration course. Methods 60 specimens of esophageal carcinoma and corresponding adjacent no cancerous tissue were detected quantitatively by propidium iodide(PI) stain and indirect immunofluorescence of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) using flow cytometry(FCM) equipment. Results Expression of bcl-2 and c-FLIP in esophageal carcinoma was significantly higher, and Fadd, Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 were significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues (P <0.01). There was positive correlation between Fadd and Caspase-8 gene (P <0.01 or P <0.05). The expression of Fadd was positively correlated to Caspase-8. Comparing with normal epithelium and dysplasia tissue, DNA content and heteroploid cells were increased significantly in esophageal carcinoma. Conclusion During the esophageal canceration course, expressions of relevant cell apoptosis regulatory elements were abnormal. DNA content and heteroploid cells were increased significantly in esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To determine the relationship between preoperative plasma D-dimer level and the lymphnode metastasis characteristics in colorectal cancer patients.Methods A total of 106 patients with colorectal cancer were studied in order to evaluate this relationship.Their preoperative plasma D-dimer levels were measured.Results were correlated with the clinicopathological findings.Results Significantly different plasma D-dimer levels were found with respect to histologic N(P ＜ 0.001).The number of lymph node metastases was found to have the strongest association with D-dimer level among the significant clinicopathologic factors (Spearman rank correlation,P ＜0.001).The most useful cutoff of the plasma D-dimer levels for diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was determined to be 0.4 μg/mL.Conclusion Plasma D-dimer levels can help assess lymph node metastasis in patients with eophageal cancer and should be measured preoperatively.

The basic functions of the Na+/K+ -ATPase is to maintain the balance of the Na+/K+ electrochemical gradient. The latter is indispensable for maintaining cell osmotic pressure,regulating cell volume,and maintaining excitable membrane resting potential. The maintenance of the Na+/K+ -ATPase activity plays the important roles in neurotransmitter uptake in neurons and Ca2+ effiux. The decreased Na+/K+ -ATPase activity and dysfunction participate in the process of ischemic brain injury after cerebral ischemia. Ischemic precondi-tioning induces ischemic tolerance by maintaining the Na+/K+ -ATPase activity after ischemia.Cardiotonic steroids and citicoline may play a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia by improving the Na +/K+ -ATPase activity.

BACKGROUND:Animal models can be used to study specific scientific problems of intervertebral disc biology.Model of disc degeneration is mainly used to resolve the relevant disease mechanisms and scientific and security issues of the treatment.OBJECTIVE:To summarize currently used experimental animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration study,and to dynamically observe and confirm the pathological process of disc degeneration based on disc imaging,morphology,biomechanics and bi(o)chemicel changes.METHODS:Using "intervertebral disc degeneration,animal models,in vivo,in vitro" in English as the search words,Cochrane Library (No.1 2009),Cochrane Library Database of Controlled Clinical Trials (No.1 2009),MEDLINE from 1990 to March 2009,EMbase from 1990 to March 2009,Current Controlled Trials,and the National Research Register were retrieved.Literature was limited to English language.The disc imaging,morphology,biomechanical end biochemical composition and other indicators,as well as the pathological process of disc degeneration served as the evaluation indices.The articles related to the intervertebral disc cell culture models,the whole disc tissue culture model,mechanical model,injury model,biological model,genetically modified models,spontaneous models were included.The repetitive researches and those unrelated to animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The establishment of a reliable animal model can provide favorable conditions for studying the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration,at the same time,provides a good experimental vehicle for various researches about the repair treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.Animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration can be divided into two categories:in vitro models and in vivo models of disc degeneration and repair.The former can be assigned into disc cell culture models and whole disc tissue culture model;the latter is assigned into mechanical models,injury models,biological models,genetically modified models,spontaneous models and so on.The above models are commonly used in the study of the occurring mechanism of disc degeneration,as well as the feasibility and effectiveness of a variety of treatments.However,there is still no generally accepted animal models as an ideal disc degeneration model,various types of models reported have their own advantages and disadvantages.

At present,the commonly used tumor markers,with low sensitivity and low specificity,can 't achieve the purpose of early diagnosis.However,autoantibodies against tumox-associated antigens have been detected in the asymptomatic stage of cancer and thus can serve as biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis.Moreover,due to autoantibodies are found in sera,they can he screened easily using a noninvasive approach.The discovery of panels of autoantibodies with high sensitivity and specificity will help to improve the diagnostic and prognostic for the patients with cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of amlodipine in treatment of vasospastic angina systematically.METHODS:Literatures were retrieved from MEDLINE,EMBASE,CNKI,CBM and Wanfang database,etc.Data of literatures were analyzed using RevMan 4.2 software.RESULTS:3 RCTs were included in meta-analysis and 1 RCT was involved in descriptive analysis.Compared with diltiazem,amlodipine was similar to benidipine in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events;there was no statistical significance[OR=0.79,95%CI(0.57,1.10),P=0.16].Effective rate of amlodipine was significantly higher than isosorbide dinitrate,there were statistical significance[OR=7.33,95%CI(1.47,36.66),P=0.02].Compared with placebo,amlodipine could reduce occurrence times of angina significantly.CONCLUSION:Amlodipine is effective in treatment of vasospastic angina and can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with vasospastic angina.

Concepts and techniques of spinal fusion as a therapeutic modality may date back to the origins of spinal surgery. Spinal fusion has been considered as the standard treatment of progressive deformities,including instability,scoliosis and trauma. In this study,we shall attempt to define and review the bone graft materials,progress on the operative techniques,postoperative complications and related therapy,the latest dynamic fixation,and minimally invasive technique to lumbar spine fusion.