Adult ; Cough ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Larynx ; Pharyngitis ; complications ; parasitology ; Pharynx ; Pruritus ; etiology

Objective To study the natural history of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progress to dementia and to evaluate the efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) donepezil on MCI.Methods Ninty-eight patients with MCI including amnestic MCI and non-amnestic MCI were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with donepezil or not were separately divided to two groups while they were matched by sex, age,degree of MCI and possession of the ApoE?4 allele.The rate of conversion from MCI to dementia, measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale- Cognitive section(ADAS-Cog) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R),was compared between the two groups.Results In aMCI group,the rate of conversion dropped by 15.1% and 8.3% (P0.05).Conclusion Donepezil could postpone the conversion of MCI to dementia.

Objective To investigate the effect of levodopa on melanogenesis in Penicillium mameffei (PM),and to determine if melanization affects the antifungal drug susceptibility of PM.Methods A clinical isolate of PM,GXMU121011,was inoculated onto Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) containing different concentrations (0.1-10 mmol/L) of levodopa at an inoculum density of 1.0 × 106 cfu/ml,or onto SDA containing 1 mmol/L levodopa at three inoculum densities (1.0 × 105,1.0 × 106,1.0 × 107 cfu/ml),and cultured at 37 ℃ for 7 days.Subsequently,melanization of PM colonies was observed.The paper-disk method was used for antifungal susceptibility testing,and the diameter of inhibition zones of itraconazole,fluconazole and amphotericin B against 8 clinical strains of PM was determined on SDA with or without levodopa.Results The melanization of PM colonies increased when the concentration of levodopa increased from 0.1 to 1.0 mmol/L,peaked when that reached 1.0 and 3.0 mmol/L,but mildly decreased when that continuously increased beyond 3.0 mmol/L,and a slight shrinkage was observed in PM colonies when that was 10.0 mmol/L.The color of colonies deepened along with the increase in inoculum density of PM.The average diameters of inhibition zones of itraconazole,fluconazole and amphotericin B against PM were all significantly lower on SDA with levodopa than on SDA without levodopa (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Levodopa concentration and inoculum density both affect melanogenesis in PM.Melanization may decrease the susceptibility of PM in yeast phase to itraconazole,fluconazole and amphotericin B in vitro.

Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was isolated from the gut of Carassius auratus gibelio with Aeromonas sobria.Its shape was ob- served by light microscopy,phase-contrast microscopy,electron microscopy and some of its biological characteristics were also studied.It was demonstrated that BDF-H16 was an gram-negative bacterium and had a bacilliform or arc bacilliform shape with a flagellum at one end.Its size was mostly 0.2?m～0.5?m?0.8?m～1.2?m.It had a wide prey area and could lyse all tested gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria.The best lysis conditions to Escherichia coli were 6.75?10~9 cfu/mL of prey bacteria concentration,pH7.0～7.5,28℃.It could grow in the solid culture added 0.85%～5.00% NaCl and was inhibited by enrofloxacin and norfloxacin.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of the organic acid part from Camptosorus sibiricus.Methods The compounds were isolated by chromatography on silica gel column and identified on the basis of physicochemical constants and spectral analysis.Results Ten compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as 11,12,15-trihydroxy-13-en-octadecenoic acid(Ⅰ),caffeic acid(Ⅱ),courmaric acid(Ⅲ),protocatechuic acid(Ⅳ),4-hydroxybenzoic acid(Ⅴ),isovanillic acid(Ⅵ),2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(Ⅶ),cinnamic acid(Ⅷ),succinic acid(Ⅸ),palmitic acid(Ⅹ).Conclusion Compound Ⅰ is a new compound named as camptosoric acid and compounds Ⅲ-Ⅹ are obtained from the plants of Camptosorus Link for the first time.

Adult ; Aged ; Altitude ; Echocardiography, Stress ; Female ; Heart Failure ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of RNA interference plasmids of cysteine-rich 61(Cyr61) on hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) in rats.Methods The plasmids containing the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of Cyr61 were constructed.Expression of Cyr61 mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.The hyperplasia of VSMC was assessed by MTT.DNA synthesis was measured by incorporating ~3H-TDR.Plasmid construction was confirmed by DNA sequencing.Results PCyr61-shRNA transfection significantly decreased the level of mRNA and protein of Cyr61 in VSMC.The cell number,optical density and concentration of DNA in pCyr61-shRNA group were significant decreased(P

In the experiment, the production of plagues by Bdellovibrio bacteria in solid medium cultivation, the reproduction of Bdellovibrio bacteria in liquid medium cultivation and the attachment of Bdellovibrio bacteria to carrier were observed, which aimed to study the effects of enrofloxacin on the growth and at-tachment ability of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16. Results indicated that in solid medium cultivation, the production of plagues by Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was inhibited by different concentrations (2 ?g/mL, 5 ?g/mL, 10 ?g/mL, 20 ?g/mL, 50 ?g/mL) of enrofloxacin and the inhibitory effects of enrofloxacin became stronger with the increase of the concentration of enrofloxacin. Similarly, in liquid medium cultivation, the reproduction of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was also obviously inhibited by different concentrations ofenrofloxacin and higher concentrations of enrofloxacin such as 10 ?g/mL, 20 ?g/mL, 50 ?g/mL had stronger inhibitory effects on the reproduction of BDF-H16. However, the growth tendency of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was not inhibited in 10 ?g/mL enrofloxacin. Additionally, when zeolite was added, enrofloxacin had also inhibitory effects on the numbers of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 attached to zeolite. With the increase of the concentrations of enrofloxacin, the numbers of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 attached to zeolite became smaller and smaller. However, the attachment rate of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 to zeo-lite became higher under 2 ?g/mL-20 ?g/mL enrofloxacin. The results above showed that enrofloxacin had inhibitory effects on the plague production and reproduction of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16, but the at-tachment ability of Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was strengthened in liquid medium cultivation with 2 ?g/mL-20 ?g/mL enrofloxacin and zeolite, and adding zeolite helped to reduce the adverse effects of en-rofloxacin on Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16.

Six bacterial strains with malachite green decolorization ability were isolated from a sediment of aquaculture pond, and strain M6 was selected by further enrichment culture in nutrition broth with malachite green and decolorization rate comparison. The decolorization rate of strain M6 to malachite green was 97.14% in the conditon of 30?C and 150 r/min, and its morphology was observed by gram stain and electronmicroscopy, its physiological and biochemical characteristic was studied by ATB bacteria identification in-strument for identification of bacteria, and its 16S rDNA sequence was determined following PCR amplifi-cation, the sequence was aligned and the phylogenic tree was instructed with those bacterial strains of high identity with strain M6. In addition, its growth characteristics was also studied. The experimental results showed that strain M6 was gram negative and bacilliform with a flagellum at one end. Its size was 0.45 ?m ?0.84 ?m. Its colony produced on common agar plate appeared as round, light blue, dense, hard to choose; 16S rDNA sequence of strain M6 had high identity of 98%～99% with Pseudomonas sp. located in GenBank and strain M6 had the most close relative relation to Pseudomonas putida OW-16 (Locus number: DQ112328.1). Combined the results of the traditional morphological, physiological, biochemical character-istics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain M6 was identified as Pseudomonas putida (Locus number: EU348741.1). Additionally, its growth curve in the condition of 30?C and 150 r/min was as follows: lag phase was 0～4 h, log phase was 4 h～64 h, stationary phase was 64 h～80 h, decline phase was after 80 h. Its best growth conditions were pH 7 and 30?C,and in the rotational speed of 50 r/min to 250 r/min. Its concen-tration increased with the increase in rotational speed.

Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Lung Injury ; etiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; metabolism ; physiopathology